交易和大量複製作業

下載 ADO.NET

大量複製作業可以做為隔離作業或做為多步驟交易的一部分執行。 這第二個選項可供執行相同交易內的多項大量複製作業,以及執行其他插入、更新和刪除等資料庫作業,同時仍然能夠認可或回復整個交易。

根據預設,大量複製作業會作為隔離作業完成。 該複製作業會以非交易的方式進行,且沒有機會復原。 如果需要在發生錯誤時復原全部或部分大量複製,您可以:

  • 使用 SqlBulkCopy 管理的交易

  • 在現有交易中執行大量複製作業

  • System.TransactionsTransaction 中登錄。

執行非交易大量複製作業

對於非交易大量複製作業在作業過程遭遇錯誤時的狀況,下列主控台應用程式顯示此時會發生什麼事。

在範例中,來源資料表及目標資料表都包含名為 ProductIDIdentity 資料行。 程式碼會先準備目的地資料表,方法是刪除所有資料列,然後插入單一資料列,且其 ProductID 已知存在於來源資料表中。 根據預設,在目的地資料表中,會針對每個新增的資料列產生 Identity 資料行的新值。 在此範例中,當此連接開啟時,且其強制大量載入處理序改為使用來源資料表中的 Identity 值時,就會設定某個選項。

此大量複製作業執行時的 BatchSize 屬性設定為 10。 當此作業遇到無效的資料列時,就會擲回例外狀況。 在第一個範例中,大量複製作業會為非交易作業。 所有出錯之前的複製批次都會被認可。 包含重複索引鍵的批次會回復,而大量複製作業會暫停,直到處理完任何剩餘的批次。

注意

除非您已如大量複製範例設定中所述建立工作資料表,否則此範例不會執行。 這個程式碼僅是為了示範使用 SqlBulkCopy 的語法而提供。 如果來源和目的地資料表位於相同的 SQL Server 執行個體,則使用 Transact-SQL INSERT … SELECT 陳述式來複製資料會更方便且快速。

using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        string connectionString = GetConnectionString();
        // Open a sourceConnection to the AdventureWorks database.
        using (SqlConnection sourceConnection =
                   new SqlConnection(connectionString))
        {
            sourceConnection.Open();

            //  Delete all from the destination table.         
            SqlCommand commandDelete = new SqlCommand();
            commandDelete.Connection = sourceConnection;
            commandDelete.CommandText =
                "DELETE FROM dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns";
            commandDelete.ExecuteNonQuery();

            //  Add a single row that will result in duplicate key         
            //  when all rows from source are bulk copied.         
            //  Note that this technique will only be successful in          
            //  illustrating the point if a row with ProductID = 446           
            //  exists in the AdventureWorks Production.Products table.          
            //  If you have made changes to the data in this table, change         
            //  the SQL statement in the code to add a ProductID that         
            //  does exist in your version of the Production.Products         
            //  table. Choose any ProductID in the middle of the table         
            //  (not first or last row) to best illustrate the result.         
            SqlCommand commandInsert = new SqlCommand();
            commandInsert.Connection = sourceConnection;
            commandInsert.CommandText =
                "SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns ON;" +
                "INSERT INTO " + "dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns " +
                "([ProductID], [Name] ,[ProductNumber]) " +
                "VALUES(446, 'Lock Nut 23','LN-3416');" +
                "SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns OFF";
            commandInsert.ExecuteNonQuery();

            // Perform an initial count on the destination table.
            SqlCommand commandRowCount = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns;",
                sourceConnection);
            long countStart = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
            Console.WriteLine("Starting row count = {0}", countStart);

            //  Get data from the source table as a SqlDataReader.         
            SqlCommand commandSourceData = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT ProductID, Name, ProductNumber " +
                "FROM Production.Product;", sourceConnection);
            SqlDataReader reader = commandSourceData.ExecuteReader();

            // Set up the bulk copy object using the KeepIdentity option. 
            using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(
                       connectionString, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity))
            {
                bulkCopy.BatchSize = 10;
                bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
                    "dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns";

                // Write from the source to the destination.
                // This should fail with a duplicate key error
                // after some of the batches have been copied.
                try
                {
                    bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    // Print the number of rows processed using the 
                    // RowsCopied property.
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} rows were processed.",
                        bulkCopy.RowsCopied);
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                }
                finally
                {
                    reader.Close();
                }
            }

            // Perform a final count on the destination 
            // table to see how many rows were added.
            // Note that for this scenario, the value will 
            // not be equal to the RowsCopied property.
            long countEnd = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
            Console.WriteLine("Ending row count = {0}", countEnd);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} rows were added.", countEnd - countStart);
            Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to finish.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    private static string GetConnectionString()
    // To avoid storing the sourceConnection string in your code, 
    // you can retrieve it from a configuration file. 
    {
        return "Data Source=(local); " +
            " Integrated Security=true;" +
            "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;";
    }
}

在交易中執行專用大量複製作業

根據預設,大量複製作業為其自己的交易。 當要執行專用大量複製作業時,請建立具有連接字串的 SqlBulkCopy 執行個體,或使用不含使用中交易的現有 SqlConnection 物件。 大量複製作業會先在每個案例中建立交易,再認可或回復此交易。

您可在 SqlBulkCopy 類別的建構函式中明確指定 UseInternalTransaction 選項,以在其自己的交易中執行大量複製作業。 每個批次的作業會在個別交易內執行。

注意

由於不同的批次在不同交易中執行,如果大量複製作業期間發生錯誤時,目前的批次中的所有資料列將會回復,但是先前批次的資料列將保留在資料庫中。

在下方的主控台應用程式中,除了大量複製作業會自行管理本身的交易外,其餘部分均與前述範例類似。 所有出錯之前的複製批次都會被認可。 包含重複索引鍵的批次會回復,而大量複製作業會暫停,直到處理完任何剩餘的批次。

重要

除非您已如大量複製範例設定中所述建立工作資料表,否則此範例不會執行。 這個程式碼僅是為了示範使用 SqlBulkCopy 的語法而提供。 如果來源和目的地資料表位於相同的 SQL Server 執行個體,則使用 Transact-SQL INSERT … SELECT 陳述式來複製資料會更方便且快速。

using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        string connectionString = GetConnectionString();
        // Open a sourceConnection to the AdventureWorks database.
        using (SqlConnection sourceConnection =
                   new SqlConnection(connectionString))
        {
            sourceConnection.Open();

            //  Delete all from the destination table.         
            SqlCommand commandDelete = new SqlCommand();
            commandDelete.Connection = sourceConnection;
            commandDelete.CommandText =
                "DELETE FROM dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns";
            commandDelete.ExecuteNonQuery();

            //  Add a single row that will result in duplicate key         
            //  when all rows from source are bulk copied.         
            //  Note that this technique will only be successful in          
            //  illustrating the point if a row with ProductID = 446           
            //  exists in the AdventureWorks Production.Products table.          
            //  If you have made changes to the data in this table, change         
            //  the SQL statement in the code to add a ProductID that         
            //  does exist in your version of the Production.Products         
            //  table. Choose any ProductID in the middle of the table         
            //  (not first or last row) to best illustrate the result.         
            SqlCommand commandInsert = new SqlCommand();
            commandInsert.Connection = sourceConnection;
            commandInsert.CommandText =
                "SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns ON;" +
                "INSERT INTO " + "dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns " +
                "([ProductID], [Name] ,[ProductNumber]) " +
                "VALUES(446, 'Lock Nut 23','LN-3416');" +
                "SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns OFF";
            commandInsert.ExecuteNonQuery();

            // Perform an initial count on the destination table.
            SqlCommand commandRowCount = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns;",
                sourceConnection);
            long countStart = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
            Console.WriteLine("Starting row count = {0}", countStart);

            //  Get data from the source table as a SqlDataReader.         
            SqlCommand commandSourceData = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT ProductID, Name, ProductNumber " +
                "FROM Production.Product;", sourceConnection);
            SqlDataReader reader = commandSourceData.ExecuteReader();

            // Set up the bulk copy object.
            // Note that when specifying the UseInternalTransaction
            // option, you cannot also specify an external transaction.
            // Therefore, you must use the SqlBulkCopy construct that
            // requires a string for the connection, rather than an
            // existing SqlConnection object. 
            using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(
                       connectionString, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity |
                       SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction))
            {
                bulkCopy.BatchSize = 10;
                bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
                    "dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns";

                // Write from the source to the destination.
                // This should fail with a duplicate key error
                // after some of the batches have been copied.
                try
                {
                    bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    // Print the number of rows processed using the 
                    // RowsCopied property.
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} rows were processed.",
                        bulkCopy.RowsCopied);
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                }
                finally
                {
                    reader.Close();
                }
            }

            // Perform a final count on the destination 
            // table to see how many rows were added.
            // Note that for this scenario, the value will 
            // not be equal to the RowsCopied property.
            long countEnd = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
            Console.WriteLine("Ending row count = {0}", countEnd);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} rows were added.", countEnd - countStart);
            Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to finish.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    private static string GetConnectionString()
    // To avoid storing the sourceConnection string in your code, 
    // you can retrieve it from a configuration file. 
    {
        return "Data Source=(local); " +
            " Integrated Security=true;" +
            "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;";
    }
}

使用現有的交易

您可以在 SqlBulkCopy 建構函式中,將現有的 SqlTransaction 物件指定為參數。 在此情況下,大量複製作業會在現有的交易中完成,且不會變更交易狀態,也就是其尚未認可或中止。 此方法可供應用程式在其他資料庫作業的交易中包含大量複製作業。 不過,如果您未指定 SqlTransaction 物件並傳遞了 Null 參考,而且連線具有使用中交易,則會擲回例外狀況。

如果因為發生錯誤,或大量複製應該要以可復原之較大處理序的一部分來執行,而使得您需要復原整個大量複製作業,則您可以將 SqlTransaction 物件提供給 SqlBulkCopy 建構函式。

下列主控台應用程式與第一個 (非交易) 範例類似,但有一項例外:在此範例中,大量複製作業包含在較大的外部交易中。 當發生主要索引鍵違規錯誤時,整個交易便會回復,並且沒有任何資料列會加入目的地資料表。

重要

除非您已如大量複製範例設定中所述建立工作資料表,否則此範例不會執行。 這個程式碼僅是為了示範使用 SqlBulkCopy 的語法而提供。 如果來源和目的地資料表位於相同的 SQL Server 執行個體,則使用 Transact-SQL INSERT … SELECT 陳述式來複製資料會更方便且快速。

using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        string connectionString = GetConnectionString();
        // Open a sourceConnection to the AdventureWorks database.
        using (SqlConnection sourceConnection =
                   new SqlConnection(connectionString))
        {
            sourceConnection.Open();

            //  Delete all from the destination table.         
            SqlCommand commandDelete = new SqlCommand();
            commandDelete.Connection = sourceConnection;
            commandDelete.CommandText =
                "DELETE FROM dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns";
            commandDelete.ExecuteNonQuery();

            //  Add a single row that will result in duplicate key         
            //  when all rows from source are bulk copied.         
            //  Note that this technique will only be successful in          
            //  illustrating the point if a row with ProductID = 446           
            //  exists in the AdventureWorks Production.Products table.          
            //  If you have made changes to the data in this table, change         
            //  the SQL statement in the code to add a ProductID that         
            //  does exist in your version of the Production.Products         
            //  table. Choose any ProductID in the middle of the table         
            //  (not first or last row) to best illustrate the result.         
            SqlCommand commandInsert = new SqlCommand();
            commandInsert.Connection = sourceConnection;
            commandInsert.CommandText =
                "SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns ON;" +
                "INSERT INTO " + "dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns " +
                "([ProductID], [Name] ,[ProductNumber]) " +
                "VALUES(446, 'Lock Nut 23','LN-3416');" +
                "SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns OFF";
            commandInsert.ExecuteNonQuery();

            // Perform an initial count on the destination table.
            SqlCommand commandRowCount = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns;",
                sourceConnection);
            long countStart = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
            Console.WriteLine("Starting row count = {0}", countStart);

            //  Get data from the source table as a SqlDataReader.         
            SqlCommand commandSourceData = new SqlCommand(
                "SELECT ProductID, Name, ProductNumber " +
                "FROM Production.Product;", sourceConnection);
            SqlDataReader reader = commandSourceData.ExecuteReader();

            //Set up the bulk copy object inside the transaction. 
            using (SqlConnection destinationConnection =
                       new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                destinationConnection.Open();

                using (SqlTransaction transaction =
                           destinationConnection.BeginTransaction())
                {
                    using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(
                               destinationConnection, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity,
                               transaction))
                    {
                        bulkCopy.BatchSize = 10;
                        bulkCopy.DestinationTableName =
                            "dbo.BulkCopyDemoMatchingColumns";

                        // Write from the source to the destination.
                        // This should fail with a duplicate key error.
                        try
                        {
                            bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader);
                            transaction.Commit();
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex)
                        {
                            // Print the number of rows processed using the 
                            // RowsCopied property.
                            Console.WriteLine("{0} rows were processed.",
                                bulkCopy.RowsCopied);
                            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                            transaction.Rollback();
                        }
                        finally
                        {
                            reader.Close();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // Perform a final count on the destination 
            // table to see how many rows were added.
            long countEnd = System.Convert.ToInt32(
                commandRowCount.ExecuteScalar());
            Console.WriteLine("Ending row count = {0}", countEnd);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} rows were added.", countEnd - countStart);
            Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to finish.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    private static string GetConnectionString()
    // To avoid storing the sourceConnection string in your code, 
    // you can retrieve it from a configuration file. 
    {
        return "Data Source=(local); " +
            " Integrated Security=true;" +
            "Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;";
    }
}

後續步驟