WMI 工作：電腦硬體

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電腦硬體的 WMI 工作會取得硬體元件目前狀態、狀態或屬性的相關資訊。 例如，您可以判斷電腦是桌上型電腦還是膝上型電腦。 如需其他範例，請參閱 位於 https://www.microsoft.com/technet 的 TechNet ScriptCenter。

本主題中顯示的腳本範例只會從本機電腦取得資料。 如需如何使用腳本從遠端電腦取得資料的詳細資訊，請參閱 連線到遠端電腦上的 WMI。

執行指令碼

下列程式描述如何執行腳本。

  1. 複製程式碼，並將它儲存在副檔名為 .vbs 的檔案中，例如 filename.vbs。 請確定文字編輯器不會將.txt副檔名新增至檔案。
  2. 開啟命令提示字元視窗，並流覽至您儲存檔案的目錄。
  3. 在命令提示字元中 輸入 cscript filename.vbs 。
  4. 如果您無法存取事件記錄檔，請檢查您是否正在從提升許可權的命令提示字元執行。 某些事件記錄檔，例如安全性事件記錄檔，可能會受到使用者存取控制 (UAC) 的保護。

注意

根據預設，cscript 會在命令提示字元視窗中顯示腳本的輸出。 因為 WMI 腳本可能會產生大量的輸出，所以您可能會想要將輸出重新導向至檔案。 在命令提示 字元 > 輸入 cscript filename.vbs outfile.txt ，將 filename.vbs 腳本的輸出重新導向至 outfile.txt。

下表列出可用來從本機電腦取得各種資料類型的腳本範例。

如何… WMI 類別或方法
...判斷電腦有多少可用記憶體？ 使用 類別 Win32_OperatingSystem 和 FreePhysicalMemory 屬性。
VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colSettings = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem")
For Each objOperatingSystem in colSettings 
    Wscript.Echo "Available Physical Memory: " & objOperatingSystem.FreePhysicalMemory
Next
PowerShell 
$mem = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem
"System : {0}" -f $mem.csname
"Free Memory: {0}" -f $mem.FreePhysicalMemory
...判斷電腦是否有 DVD 光碟機？

使用 Win32_CDROMDrive 類別， 並檢查 Name 或 DeviceID 屬性中的縮略字 DVD。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject( "winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_CDROMDrive")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Description: " & objItem.Description
    Wscript.Echo "Name: " & objItem.Name 
Next
PowerShell 
$drives = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_CDROMDrives
$drives | Format-Table DeviceID, Description, Name -autosize
...決定電腦上安裝多少 RAM？

使用 Win32_ComputerSystem 類別，並檢查 TotalPhysicalMemory 屬性的值。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colSettings = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem")
For Each objComputer in colSettings 
    Wscript.Echo "System Name: " & objComputer.Name
    Wscript.Echo "Total Physical Memory: " & objComputer.TotalPhysicalMemory
Next
PowerShell 
$mem = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem
...判斷電腦是否有一個以上的處理器？

使用 Win32_ComputerSystem 類別和 NumberOfProcessors屬性。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colSettings = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem")
For Each objComputer in colSettings 
    Wscript.Echo "System Name: " & objComputer.Name
    Wscript.Echo "Number of Processors: " & objComputer.NumberOfProcessors
Next
PowerShell 
"System Name : {0}" -f $system.Name
"Number of Processors: {0}" -f $system.NumberOfProcessors
...判斷電腦是否有 PCMCIA 插槽？

使用 Win32_PCMCIAController 類別，並檢查 Count 屬性的值。 如果 Count 為 0，則電腦沒有 PCMCIA 插槽。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_PCMCIAController")
Wscript.Echo "Number of PCMCIA slots: " & colItems.Count

PowerShell 
$Pcmcia = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PCMCIAController
if (!$pcmcia.count) {
"Number of PCMCIA Slots: {0}" -f 1
}else {
"Number of PCMCIA Slots: {0}" -f $pcmcia.count
}
...識別裝置管理員) 中標示驚嘆號圖示 (無法運作的裝置？

使用 Win32_PnPEntity 類別，並在 WQL 查詢中使用下列子句。 WHERE ConfigManagerErrorCode <> 0 請注意，此程式碼可能不會偵測遺漏驅動程式的 USB 裝置。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_PnPEntity WHERE ConfigManagerErrorCode <> 0")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Class GUID: " & objItem.ClassGuid
    Wscript.Echo "Description: " & objItem.Description
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Manufacturer: " & objItem.Manufacturer
    Wscript.Echo "Name: " & objItem.Name
    Wscript.Echo "PNP Device ID: " & objItem.PNPDeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Service: " & objItem.Service
Next
PowerShell 
$baddevices = Get-WmiObject Win32_PNPEntity | where {$_.ConfigManagerErrorcode -ne 0}
" Total Bad devices: {0}" -f $baddevices.count
foreach ($device in $baddevices) {
    "Name : {0}" -f $device.name
    "Class Guid : {0}" -f $device.Classguid
    "Description : {0}" -f $device.Description
    "Device ID : {0}" -f $device.deviceid
    "Manufacturer : {0}" -f $device.manufactuer
    "PNP Devcice Id : {0}" -f $device.PNPDeviceID
    "Service Name : {0}" -f $device.service
    ""
}
...會判斷電腦上所使用的滑鼠屬性？

使用 Win32_PointingDevice 類別。 這會傳回所有指向裝置的屬性，而不只是滑鼠裝置。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_PointingDevice")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Description: " & objItem.Description
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Device Interface: " & objItem.DeviceInterface
    Wscript.Echo "Double Speed Threshold: " & objItem.DoubleSpeedThreshold
    Wscript.Echo "Handedness: " & objItem.Handedness
    Wscript.Echo "Hardware Type: " & objItem.HardwareType
    Wscript.Echo "INF File Name: " & objItem.InfFileName
    Wscript.Echo "INF Section: " & objItem.InfSection
    Wscript.Echo "Manufacturer: " & objItem.Manufacturer
    Wscript.Echo "Name: " & objItem.Name
    Wscript.Echo "Number Of Buttons: " & objItem.NumberOfButtons
    Wscript.Echo "PNP Device ID: " & objItem.PNPDeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Pointing Type: " & objItem.PointingType
    Wscript.Echo "Quad Speed Threshold: " & objItem.QuadSpeedThreshold
    Wscript.Echo "Resolution: " & objItem.Resolution
    Wscript.Echo "Sample Rate: " & objItem.SampleRate
    Wscript.Echo "Synch: " & objItem.Synch
Next

PowerShell 
# 取得滑鼠資訊
$mouse = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PointingDevice


<# 解碼解碼解碼#>


function Deviceinterface { param ($value) switch ($value) { 0 {「Other」} 1 {「Unknown」} 3 {「Serial」} 4 {「PS/2」} 5 {「Infrared」} 6 {「HP-HIL」} 67 {「Bus Mouse」} 8 {「ADP (Apple Desktop Bus) 」} 160 {「Bus Mouse DB-9」} 161 {「Bus Mouse Micro-DIN」} 162 {「USB」} } }


function Handedness { param ($value) switch ($value) { 0 {「Unknown」} 1 {「Not Applicable」} 2 {「Right-Handed Operation」} 3 {「Left-Handed Operation」} } }


函式 Pointingtype {


param ($value) switch ($value) { 1 {「Other」} 2 {「Unknown」} 3 {「Mouse」} 4 {「Track Ball」} 5 {「Track Point」} 6 {「Glide Point」} 7 {「Touch Pad」} 8 {「Touch Screen」} 9 {「Mouse - 光學感應器」} } }


<# 顯示詳細資料#>


"Mouse Information on System: {0}" -f $mouse.systemname
"Description : {0}" -f $mouse.Description
"Device ID : {0}" -f $mouse.DeviceID
"Device Interface : {0}" -f (Deviceinterface($mouse.DeviceInterface))
"Double Speed Threshold : {0}" -f $mouse.DoubleSpeedThreshold
"Handedness : {0}" -f (Handedness($mouse.handedness))
"Hardware Type : {0}" -f $mouse.Hardwaretype
"INF FIle Name : {0}" -f $mouse.InfFileName
"Inf Section : {0}" -f $mouse.InfSection
"Manufacturer : {0}" -f $mouse.Manufacturer
"Name : {0}" -f $mouse.Name
"Number of buttons : {0}" -f $mouse.NumberOfButtons
"PNP Device ID : {0}" -f $mouse.PNPDeviceID
"Pointing Type : {0}" -f (Pointingtype ($mouse.PointingType))
"Quad Speed Threshold : {0}" -f $mouse.QuadSpeedThreshold
"Resolution : {0}" -f $mouse.Resolution
"Sample Rate : {0}" -f $mouse.SampleRate
"Synch : {0}" -f $mouse.Synch
...判斷電腦中安裝的處理器速度嗎？

使用 Win32_Processor 類別，並檢查 MaxClockSpeed 屬性的值。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_Processor")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Processor Id: " & objItem.ProcessorId
    Wscript.Echo "Maximum Clock Speed: " & objItem.MaxClockSpeed
Next
...判斷電腦是否為塔、迷你塔、膝上型電腦等等？

使用 Win32_SystemEnclosure 類別，並檢查 ChassisType 屬性的值。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colChassis = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_SystemEnclosure")
For Each objChassis in colChassis
    For Each objItem in objChassis.ChassisTypes
        Wscript.Echo "Chassis Type: " & objItem
    Next
Next
PowerShell 
$processors = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Processor
foreach ($proc in $processors)
{
    "Processor ID: " + $proc.ProcessorID
    "Maximum Clock Speed: " + $proc.MaxClockSpeed
}
...取得電腦的序號和資產標記？

使用 Win32_SystemEnclosure 類別，以及 SerialNumber 和 SMBIOSAssetTag屬性。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colSMBIOS = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_SystemEnclosure")
For Each objSMBIOS in colSMBIOS
    Wscript.Echo "Part Number: " & objSMBIOS.PartNumber
    Wscript.Echo "Serial Number: " & objSMBIOS.SerialNumber
    Wscript.Echo "Asset Tag: " & objSMBIOS.SMBIOSAssetTag
Next

PowerShell 
$colSMBIOS = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_SystemEnclosure
foreach ($objSMBIOS in $colSMBIOS)
{
"Part Number: " + $objSMBIOS.PartNumber
"Serial Number: " + $objSMBIOS.SerialNumber
"Asset Tag: " + $objSMBIOS.SMBIOSAssetTag
}
...判斷插入 USB 埠的裝置類型為何？

使用 Win32_USBHub 類別，並檢查 Description 屬性。 此屬性的值可能如「大量儲存體裝置」或「列印支援」。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_USBHub")
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "Device ID: " & objItem.DeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "PNP Device ID: " & objItem.PNPDeviceID
    Wscript.Echo "Description: " & objItem.Description
    Wscript.Echo
Next

PowerShell 
$colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_USBHub
foreach ($objItem in $colItems)
{
"Device ID: " + $objItem.DeviceID
"PNP Device ID: " + $objItem.PNPDeviceID
"Description: " + $objItem.Description
}
...決定電腦上安裝多少個磁帶機？

使用 類別 Win32_TapeDrive 類別，然後使用 SWbemObjectSet.Count 方法。 如果 Count = 0，則電腦上不會安裝磁帶機。

VB 
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_TapeDrive")
Wscript.Echo "Number of tape drives: " & colItems.Count

PowerShell 
$colItems = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_TapeDrive
foreach ($objItem in $colItems)
{
"Number of Drives: " + $colItems.Count
}

範例

下列 TechNet 資源庫 範例程式碼 說明如何列出數部機器所有磁片磁碟機的可用空間。

Get-ComputerInfo - 從本機/遠端電腦查詢電腦資訊 - ( TechNet 資源庫中的 WMI) PowerShell 範例會使用許多硬體和軟體呼叫來顯示本機或遠端系統的相關資訊。

TechNetGallery 上使用 Powershell PowerShell 收集多執行緒系統資產 範例會透過 WMI 收集大量有用的系統資訊，並使用 powershell 進行多執行緒處理。

腳本和應用程式的 WMI 工作

WMI C++ 應用程式範例

TechNet ScriptCenter