Hi,
1.If the print driver does install on the server, use the print backup utility c:\windows\system32\spool\tools\printbrm.exe to backup the driver and then restore the driver to the machine with the issue adding the driver to the driverstore.
printbrm -b -f backup.printerexport
printbrm -r -s printserver -f backup.printerexport
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsserver/en-US/402a8e6d-a873-4cf7-8625-a8c50ef6ba47/printer-driver-was-not-installed-element-not-found?forum=winserverprint
2.There is a similar thread in QA forum that the user finally choose higher version of another PDF printer as workaround.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/138777/windows-updates-kill-print-to-pdf-function-kb45747.html
3.What is the patched KB that has broken the PDF printer and you could post the details in user voice forum for the product team to check further.
https://windowsserver.uservoice.com/forums/295047-general-feedback
Hope this helps and please help to accept as Answer if the response is useful.
Thanks,
Jenny