Choose an Azure compute service

Azure offers a number of ways to host your application code. The term compute refers to the hosting model for the computing resources that your application runs on. The following flowchart will help you to choose a compute service for your application.

If your application consists of multiple workloads, evaluate each workload separately. A complete solution may incorporate two or more compute services.

Choose a candidate service

Use the following flowchart to select a candidate compute service.

Definitions:

• "Lift and shift" is a strategy for migrating a workload to the cloud without redesigning the application or making code changes. Also called rehosting. For more information, see Azure migration and modernization center.
• Cloud optimized is a strategy for migrating to the cloud by refactoring an application to take advantage of cloud-native features and capabilities.

The output from this flowchart is a starting point for consideration. Next, perform a more detailed evaluation of the service to see if it meets your needs.

This article includes several tables, which may help you to make these tradeoff decisions. Based on this analysis, you may find that the initial candidate isn't suitable for your particular application or workload. In that case, expand your analysis to include other compute services.

Understand the basic features

If you're not familiar with the Azure service selected in the previous step, read the overview documentation to understand the basics of the service.

• Azure App Service. A managed service for hosting web apps, mobile app back ends, RESTful APIs, or automated business processes.
• Azure Spring Apps. A managed service designed and optimized for hosting Spring Boot apps.
• Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). A managed Kubernetes service for running containerized applications.
• Azure Batch. A managed service for running large-scale parallel and high-performance computing (HPC) applications
• Azure Container Instances. The fastest and simplest way to run a container in Azure, without having to provision any virtual machines and without having to adopt a higher-level service.
• Azure Functions. A managed FaaS service.
• Azure Service Fabric. A distributed systems platform that can run in many environments, including Azure or on premises.
• Azure Virtual machines. Deploy and manage VMs inside an Azure virtual network.
• Azure Container Apps. A managed service built on Kubernetes, which simplifies the deployment of containerized applications in a serverless environment.

Understand the hosting models

Cloud services, including Azure services, generally fall into three categories: IaaS, PaaS, or FaaS. (There is also SaaS, software-as-a-service, which is out of scope for this article.) It's useful to understand the differences.

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) lets you provision individual VMs along with the associated networking and storage components. Then you deploy whatever software and applications you want onto those VMs. This model is the closest to a traditional on-premises environment, except that Microsoft manages the infrastructure. You still manage the individual VMs.

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) provides a managed hosting environment, where you can deploy your application without needing to manage VMs or networking resources. Azure App Service and Azure Container Apps are PaaS services.

Functions-as-a-Service (FaaS) goes even further in removing the need to worry about the hosting environment. In a FaaS model, you simply deploy your code and the service automatically runs it. Azure Functions is a FaaS service.

There is a spectrum from IaaS to pure PaaS. For example, Azure VMs can autoscale by using virtual machine scale sets. This automatic scaling capability isn't strictly PaaS, but it's the type of management feature found in PaaS services.

In general, there is a tradeoff between control and ease of management. IaaS gives the most control, flexibility, and portability, but you have to provision, configure and manage the VMs and network components you create. FaaS services automatically manage nearly all aspects of running an application. PaaS services fall somewhere in between.

Notes

1. If using Consumption plan. If using App Service plan, functions run on the VMs allocated for your App Service plan. See Choose the correct service plan for Azure Functions.
2. Higher SLA with two or more instances.
3. Recommended for production environments.
4. Can scale down to zero after job completes.
5. Requires App Service Environment (ASE).
6. Use Azure App Service Hybrid Connections.
7. Requires App Service plan or Azure Functions Premium plan.

DevOps

Notes

1. Options include IIS Express for ASP.NET or node.js (iisnode); PHP web server; Azure Toolkit for IntelliJ, Azure Toolkit for Eclipse. App Service also supports remote debugging of deployed web app.
2. See Resource Manager providers, regions, API versions and schemas.

Scalability

Notes

1. See Autoscale pods.
2. See Automatically scale a cluster to meet application demands on Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS).
3. See Azure subscription and service limits, quotas, and constraints.
4. See Set scaling rules in Azure Container Apps.

Availability

For guided learning on Service Guarantees, review Core Cloud Services - Azure architecture and service guarantees.

Security

Review and understand the available security controls and visibility for each service

• App Service
• App Spring Apps
• Azure Kubernetes Service
• Batch
• Container Instances
• Functions
• Service Fabric
• Virtual machine - Windows
• Virtual machine - LINUX

Other criteria

The output from this flowchart is a starting point for consideration. Next, perform a more detailed evaluation of the service to see if it meets your needs.

Consider limits and cost

Perform a more detailed evaluation looking at the following aspects of the service:

• Service limits
• Cost
• SLA
• Regional availability
• Compute comparison tables

Next steps

• Core Cloud Services - Azure compute options. This Microsoft Learn module explores how compute services can solve common business needs.