Working with Data Definition Language

Starting with the .NET Framework version 4, the Entity Framework supports data definition language (DDL). This allows you to create or delete a database instance based on the connection string and the metadata of the storage (SSDL) model.

The following methods on the ObjectContext use the connection string and the SSDL content to accomplish the following: create or delete the database, check whether the database exists, and view the generated DDL script:

• CreateDatabase

• DeleteDatabase

• DatabaseExists

• CreateDatabaseScript

Note

Executing the DDL commands assumes sufficient permissions.

The methods previously listed delegate most of the work to the underlying ADO.NET data provider. It is the provider’s responsibility to ensure that the naming convention used to generate database objects is consistent with conventions used for querying and updates.

The following example shows you how to generate the database based on the existing model. It also adds a new entity object to the object context and then saves it to the database.

Procedures

To define a database based on the existing model

1. Create a console application.

2. Add an existing model to your application.

   1. Add an empty model named SchoolModel. To create an empty model, see the How to: Create a New .edmx File topic.

   The SchoolModel.edmx file is added to your project.

   1. Copy the conceptual, storage, and mapping content for the School model from the School Model topic.

   2. Open the SchoolModel.edmx file and paste the content within the edmx:Runtime tags.

3. Add the following code to your main function. The code initializes the connection string to your database server, views the DDL script, creates the database, adds a new entity to the context, and saves the changes to the database.

   // Initialize the connection string.
   String connectionString = "metadata=res://*/School.csdl|res://*/School.ssdl|res://*/School.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;" +
   "provider connection string=\"Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=School;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True\"";
   
   using (SchoolEntities context = new SchoolEntities(connectionString))
   {
       try
       {
           if (context.DatabaseExists())
           {
               // Make sure the database instance is closed.
               context.DeleteDatabase();
           }
           // View the database creation script.
           Console.WriteLine(context.CreateDatabaseScript());
           // Create the new database instance based on the storage (SSDL) section
           // of the .edmx file.
           context.CreateDatabase();
   
           // The following code adds a new objects to the context
           // and saves the changes to the database.
           Department dpt = new Department
           {
               Name = "Engineering",
               Budget = 350000.00M,
               StartDate = DateTime.Now
           };
   
           context.Departments.AddObject(dpt);
           // An entity has a temporary key
           // until it is saved to the database.
           Console.WriteLine(dpt.EntityKey.IsTemporary);
           context.SaveChanges();
           // The object was saved and the key
           // is not temporary any more.
           Console.WriteLine(dpt.EntityKey.IsTemporary);
       }
       catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
       {
           Console.WriteLine(ex.InnerException.Message);
       }
       catch (NotSupportedException ex)
       {
           Console.WriteLine(ex.InnerException.Message);
       }
    }
   

   ' Initialize the connection string.
   Dim connectionString As String =
       "metadata=res://*/School.csdl|res://*/School.ssdl|res://*/School.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;" &
       "provider connection string=""Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=School;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True"""
   
   Using context As New SchoolEntities(connectionString)
       Try
           If context.DatabaseExists() Then
               ' Make sure the database instance is closed.
               context.DeleteDatabase()
           End If
           ' View the database creation script.
           Console.WriteLine(context.CreateDatabaseScript())
           ' Create the new database instance based on the storage (SSDL) section
           ' of the .edmx file.
           context.CreateDatabase()
   
           ' The following code adds a new objects to the context
           ' and saves the changes to the database.
           Dim dpt As New Department()
   
           context.Departments.AddObject(dpt)
           ' An entity has a temporary key
           ' until it is saved to the database.
           Console.WriteLine(dpt.EntityKey.IsTemporary)
           context.SaveChanges()
   
           ' The object was saved and the key
           ' is not temporary any more.
           Console.WriteLine(dpt.EntityKey.IsTemporary)
   
       Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
           Console.WriteLine(ex.InnerException.Message)
       Catch ex As NotSupportedException
           Console.WriteLine(ex.InnerException.Message)
       End Try
   End Using