PersianCalendar class

This article provides supplementary remarks to the reference documentation for this API.

The Persian calendar is used in most countries/regions where Persian is spoken, although some regions use different month names. The Persian calendar is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan, and it is one of the alternative calendars in regions such as Kazakhstan and Tajikistan.

Note

For information about using the PersianCalendar class and the other calendar classes in .NET, see Working with Calendars.

The Persian calendar is a solar Hijri calendar, and starts from the year of the Hijra, which corresponds to 622 C.E. the year when Muhammad (PBUH) migrated from Mecca to Medina.

The Persian calendar is based on a solar year and is approximately 365 days long. A year cycles through four seasons, and a new year begins when the sun appears to cross the equator from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere as viewed from the center of the Earth. The new year marks the first day of the month of Farvardeen, which is the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere. For example, the date March 21, 2002 C.E. corresponds to the first day of the month of Farvardeen in the year 1381 Anno Persico.

Each of the first six months in the Persian calendar has 31 days, each of the next five months has 30 days, and the last month has 29 days in a common year and 30 days in a leap year. A leap year is a year that, when divided by 33, has a remainder of 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 22, 26, or 30. For example, the year 1370 is a leap year because dividing it by 33 yields a remainder of 17. There are approximately eight leap years in every 33-year cycle.

The PersianCalendar class and .NET Framework versions

Starting with .NET Framework 4.6, the PersianCalendar class uses the Hijri solar astronomical algorithm rather than an observational algorithm to calculate dates. This makes the PersianCalendar implementation consistent with the Persian calendar in use in Iran and Afghanistan, the two countries in which the Persian calendar is in most widespread use. The change affects all apps running on .NET Framework 4 or later if .NET Framework 4.6 is installed.

As a result of the changed algorithm:

• The two algorithms should return identical results when converting dates between 1800 and 2123 in the Gregorian calendar.

• The two algorithms might return differentresults when converting dates before 1800 and after 2123 in the Gregorian calendar.

• The MinSupportedDateTime property value has changed from March 21, 0622 in the Gregorian calendar to March 22, 0622 in the Gregorian calendar.

• The MaxSupportedDateTime property value has changed from the 10th day of the 10th month of the year 9378 in the Persian calendar to the 13th day of the 10th month of the year 9378 in the Persian calendar.

• The IsLeapYear method may return a different result than it did previously.

Use the PersianCalendar class

Applications use a PersianCalendar object to calculate dates in the Persian calendar or convert Persian dates to and from Gregorian dates.

You cannot use a PersianCalendar object as the default calendar for a culture. The default calendar is specified by the CultureInfo.Calendar property and must be one of the calendars returned by the CultureInfo.OptionalCalendars property. Currently, the PersianCalendar class is not an optional calendar for any culture supported by the CultureInfo class and consequently cannot be a default calendar.