1.1 Glossary

This document uses the following terms:

allowed list: An optional list of IPv4 and/or IPv6 subnets, in CIDR notation, from which clients are permitted to be unlocked. If the list is empty or not implemented for an IP protocol version, all addresses are considered allowed for that IP protocol version.

ASCII: The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is an 8-bit character-encoding scheme based on the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that work with text. ASCII refers to a single 8-bit ASCII character or an array of 8-bit ASCII characters with the high bit of each character set to zero.

broadcast: A style of resource location or data transmission in which a client makes a request to all parties on a network simultaneously (a one-to-many communication). Also, a mode of resource location that does not use a name service.

certificate: A certificate is a collection of attributes and extensions that can be stored persistently. The set of attributes in a certificate can vary depending on the intended usage of the certificate. A certificate securely binds a public key to the entity that holds the corresponding private key. A certificate is commonly used for authentication and secure exchange of information on open networks, such as the Internet, extranets, and intranets. Certificates are digitally signed by the issuing certification authority (CA) and can be issued for a user, a computer, or a service. The most widely accepted format for certificates is defined by the ITU-T X.509 version 3 international standards. For more information about attributes and extensions, see [RFC3280] and [X509] sections 7 and 8.

classless inter-domain routing (CIDR): An alternate method for allocating IP addresses and routing IP packets, known as supernetting, that organizes IP addresses into subnetworks that are independent of the address values. It enables multiple subnets to be grouped together for network routing to reduce the growth of Internet routing tables and preserve available IPv4 addresses.

client key: A cryptographic key that is generated by the client and used, either directly or indirectly, to encrypt a full volume encryption key.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): A protocol that provides a framework for passing configuration information to hosts on a TCP/IP network, as described in [RFC2131].

full volume encryption: The process of encrypting an entire volume, similar to the way BitLocker encrypts a volume.

full volume encryption key: The symmetric key used in full volume encryption to encrypt volume data on a protected volume.

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4): An Internet protocol that has 32-bit source and destination addresses. IPv4 is the predecessor of IPv6.

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6): A revised version of the Internet Protocol (IP) designed to address growth on the Internet. Improvements include a 128-bit IP address size, expanded routing capabilities, and support for authentication and privacy.

key protector: A structure containing a cryptographic key in protected form.

local area network (LAN): A group of computers and other devices dispersed over a relatively limited area and connected by a communications link that enables any device to interact with any other device on the network.

network byte order: The order in which the bytes of a multiple-byte number are transmitted on a network, most significant byte first (in big-endian storage). This may or may not match the order in which numbers are normally stored in memory for a particular processor.

private key: One of a pair of keys used in public-key cryptography. The private key is kept secret and is used to decrypt data that has been encrypted with the corresponding public key. For an introduction to this concept, see [CRYPTO] section 1.8 and [IEEE1363] section 3.1.

public key: One of a pair of keys used in public-key cryptography. The public key is distributed freely and published as part of a digital certificate. For an introduction to this concept, see [CRYPTO] section 1.8 and [IEEE1363] section 3.1.

session key: A short-lived symmetric key used to encrypt or authenticate data sent in the NKPU protocol.

state machine: A model of computing behavior composed of a specified number of states, transitions between those states, and actions to be taken. A state stores information about past transactions as it reflects input changes from the startup of the system to the present moment. A transition (such as connecting a network share) indicates a state change and is described by a condition that would need to be fulfilled to enable the transition. An action is a description of an activity that is to be performed at a given moment. There are several action types: Entry action: Performed when entering the state. Exit action: Performed when exiting the state. Input action: Performed based on the present state and input conditions. Transition action: Performed when executing a certain state transition.

thumbprint: A hash value computed over a datum.

trusted platform module (TPM): A component of a trusted computing platform. The TPM stores keys, passwords, and digital certificates. See [TCG-Architect] for more information.

unicast: A delivery method used by media servers for providing content to connected clients in which each client receives a discrete stream that no other client has access to.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP): The connectionless protocol within TCP/IP that corresponds to the transport layer in the ISO/OSI reference model.

X.509: An ITU-T standard for public key infrastructure subsequently adapted by the IETF, as specified in [RFC3280].

MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.