Repudiation
The concept of repudiation is that a user might perform a particular operation, and then subsequently deny having performed it. For most drivers this is an unusual type of issue. For a file system, however, logging is used to track operations (deletion of important files, for example) and ensure that there is a clear trail of operations. This provides a mechanism for ensuring against such repudiation.
Additionally, the operating system can assign ownership of objects to specific security identifiers. The ownership information cannot be changed without appropriate privileges (SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege) in order to ensure that ownership of specific objects can be tracked. Object ownership provides another form of protection against repudiation.
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