ArgumentOutOfRangeException Clase

Definición

public ref class ArgumentOutOfRangeException : ArgumentException

public class ArgumentOutOfRangeException : ArgumentException

[System.Serializable]
public class ArgumentOutOfRangeException : ArgumentException

[System.Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public class ArgumentOutOfRangeException : ArgumentException

type ArgumentOutOfRangeException = class
    inherit ArgumentException

type ArgumentOutOfRangeException = class
    inherit ArgumentException
    interface ISerializable

[<System.Serializable>]
type ArgumentOutOfRangeException = class
    inherit ArgumentException
    interface ISerializable

[<System.Serializable>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type ArgumentOutOfRangeException = class
    inherit ArgumentException
    interface ISerializable

Public Class ArgumentOutOfRangeException
Inherits ArgumentException

Herencia

Object

Exception

ArgumentException

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

Herencia

Object

Exception

SystemException

ArgumentException

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

Atributos

SerializableAttribute ComVisibleAttribute

Implementaciones

ISerializable

Ejemplos

En el ejemplo siguiente se define una clase que contiene información sobre un invitado invitado.The following example defines a class to contain information about an invited guest. Si el invitado es menos de 21, ArgumentOutOfRangeException se produce una excepción.If the guest is younger than 21, an ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception is thrown.

using System;

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            Guest guest1 = new Guest("Ben", "Miller", 17);
            Console.WriteLine(guest1.GuestInfo());
        }
        catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException outOfRange)
        {

            Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", outOfRange.Message);
        }
    }
}

class Guest
{
    private string FirstName;
    private string LastName;
    private int Age;

    public Guest(string fName, string lName, int age)
    {
        FirstName = fName;
        LastName = lName;
        if (age < 21)
            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("age","All guests must be 21-years-old or older.");
        else
            Age = age;
    }

    public string GuestInfo()
    {
        string gInfo = FirstName + " " + LastName + ", " + Age.ToString();
        return(gInfo);
    }
}

Module Module1
   Public Sub Main()
       Try
           Dim guest1 As Guest = New Guest("Ben", "Miller", 17)
           Console.WriteLine(guest1.GuestInfo)
       Catch outOfRange As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
           Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", outOfRange.Message)
       End Try
   End Sub
End Module

Class Guest
    Private FirstName As String
    Private LastName As String
    Private Age As Integer

    Public Sub New(ByVal fName As String, ByVal lName As String, ByVal age As Integer)
        MyBase.New()
        FirstName = fName
        LastName = lName
        If (age < 21) Then
            Throw New ArgumentOutOfRangeException("age", "All guests must be 21-years-old or older.")
        Else
            age = age
        End If
    End Sub

    Public Function GuestInfo() As String
        Dim gInfo As String = (FirstName + (" " _
                    + (Me.LastName + (", " + Me.Age.ToString))))
        Return gInfo
    End Function
End Class

Comentarios

ArgumentOutOfRangeExceptionSe produce una excepción cuando se invoca un método y al menos uno de los argumentos pasados al método no es null y contiene un valor no válido que no es miembro del conjunto de valores esperados para el argumento.An ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception is thrown when a method is invoked and at least one of the arguments passed to the method is not null and contains an invalid value that is not a member of the set of values expected for the argument. La ParamName propiedad identifica el argumento no válido y la ActualValue propiedad, si hay un valor, identifica el valor no válido.The ParamName property identifies the invalid argument, and the ActualValue property, if a value is present, identifies the invalid value.

Normalmente, el ArgumentOutOfRangeException resultado es un error del desarrollador.Typically, an ArgumentOutOfRangeException results from developer error. En lugar de controlar la excepción en un try / catch bloque, debe eliminar la causa de la excepción o, si el argumento es devuelto por una llamada al método o la entrada del usuario antes de que se pase al método que produce la excepción, debe validar los argumentos antes de pasarlos al método.Instead of handling the exception in a try/catch block, you should eliminate the cause of the exception or, if the argument is returned by a method call or input by the user before being passed to the method that throws the exception, you should validate arguments before passing them to the method.

ArgumentOutOfRangeException se utiliza en gran medida por:ArgumentOutOfRangeException is used extensively by:

• Clases de los System.Collections System.IO espacios de nombres y.Classes in the System.Collections and System.IO namespaces.

• La clase Array.The Array class.

• Métodos de manipulación de cadenas en la String clase.String manipulation methods in the String class.

Entre las condiciones en las que ArgumentOutOfRangeException se produce una excepción se incluyen las siguientes:The conditions in which an ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception is thrown include the following:

• Está recuperando el miembro de una colección por su número de índice y el número de índice no es válido.You are retrieving the member of a collection by its index number, and the index number is invalid.

  Esta es la causa más común de una ArgumentOutOfRangeException excepción.This is the most common cause of an ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception. Normalmente, el número de índice no es válido por una de estas cuatro razones:Typically, the index number is invalid for one of four reasons:

  1. La colección no tiene miembros y el código presupone que lo hace.The collection has no members, and your code assumes that it does. En el ejemplo siguiente se intenta recuperar el primer elemento de una colección que no tiene elementos:The following example attempts to retrieve the first element of a collection that has no elements:

     using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     
     public class Example
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           var list = new List<String>();
           Console.WriteLine("Number of items: {0}", list.Count);
           try {
              Console.WriteLine("The first item: '{0}'", list[0]);
           }
           catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e) {
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
           }
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //   Number of items: 0
     //   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     //   Parameter name: index
     

     Imports System.Collections.Generic
     
     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim list As New List(Of String)
           Console.WriteLine("Number of items: {0}", list.Count)
           Try
              Console.WriteLine("The first item: '{0}'", list(0))
           Catch e As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
           End Try
        End Sub
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '   Number of items: 0
     '   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     '   Parameter name: index
     

     Para evitar la excepción, compruebe si la propiedad de la colección Count es mayor que cero antes de intentar recuperar los miembros, como hace el siguiente fragmento de código.To prevent the exception, check whether the collection's Count property is greater than zero before attempting to retrieve any members, as the following code fragment does.

     if (list.Count > 0)
        Console.WriteLine("The first item: '{0}'", list[0]);
     

     If list.Count > 0 Then
        Console.WriteLine("The first item: '{0}'", list(0))
     End If
     

  2. En algunos casos, la excepción puede producirse porque está intentando agregar un miembro a una colección mediante un índice que no existe, en lugar de llamar al método, como Add , que existe para este propósito.In some cases, the exception may occur because you are attempting to add a member to a collection by using an index that does not exist, rather than by calling the method, such as Add, that exists for this purpose. En el ejemplo siguiente se intenta agregar un elemento a una colección mediante un índice no existente en lugar de llamar al List<T>.Add método.The following example attempts to add an element to a collection by using a non-existent index rather than calling the List<T>.Add method.

     using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     
     public class Example
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           var numbers = new List<int>();
           numbers.AddRange( new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20 } );
     
           var squares = new List<int>();
           for (int ctr = 0; ctr < numbers.Count; ctr++)
              squares[ctr] = (int) Math.Pow(numbers[ctr], 2);
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     //    Parameter name: index
     //       at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument argument, ExceptionResource resource)
     //       at Example.Main()
     

     Imports System.Collections.Generic
     
     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim numbers As New List(Of Integer)
           numbers.AddRange( { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20 } )
           
           Dim squares As New List(Of Integer)
           For ctr As Integer = 0 To numbers.Count - 1
              squares(ctr) = CInt(numbers(ctr) ^ 2) 
           Next
        End Sub
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     '    Parameter name: index
     '       at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument argument, ExceptionResource resource)
     '       at Example.Main()
     

     El siguiente fragmento de código corrige este error:The following code fragment corrects this error:

     var squares = new List<int>();
     for (int ctr = 0; ctr < numbers.Count; ctr++)
        squares.Add((int) Math.Pow(numbers[ctr], 2));
     

     Dim squares As New List(Of Integer)
     For ctr As Integer = 0 To numbers.Count - 1
        squares.Add(CInt(numbers(ctr) ^ 2)) 
     Next
     

  3. Está intentando recuperar un elemento cuyo índice es negativo.You're attempting to retrieve an item whose index is negative. Esto suele ocurrir porque se ha buscado en una colección el índice de un elemento determinado y se ha asumido erróneamente que la búsqueda se ha realizado correctamente.This usually occurs because you've searched a collection for the index of a particular element and have erroneously assumed that the search is successful. En el ejemplo siguiente, la llamada al List<T>.FindIndex(Predicate<T>) método no puede encontrar una cadena igual a "Z" y, por tanto, devuelve-1.In the following example, the call to the List<T>.FindIndex(Predicate<T>) method fails to find a string equal to "Z" and so returns -1. Sin embargo, se trata de un valor de índice no válido.However, this is an invalid index value.

     using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     
     public class Example
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           var list = new List<String>();
           list.AddRange( new String[] { "A", "B", "C" } );
           // Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
           int index = list.FindIndex((new StringSearcher("Z")).FindEquals);
           try {
              Console.WriteLine("Index {0} contains '{1}'", index, list[index]);
           }
           catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e) {
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
           }
        }
     }
     
     internal class StringSearcher
     {
        String value;
     
        public StringSearcher(String value)
        {
           this.value = value;
        }
     
        public bool FindEquals(String s)
        {
           return s.Equals(value, StringComparison.InvariantCulture);
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     //   Parameter name: index
     

     Imports System.Collections.Generic
     
     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim list As New List(Of String) 
           list.AddRange( { "A", "B", "C" } )
           ' Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
           Dim index As Integer = list.FindIndex(AddressOf (New StringSearcher("Z")).FindEquals)
           Try
              Console.WriteLine("Index {0} contains '{1}'", index, list(index)) 
           Catch e As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
           End Try
        End Sub
     End Module
     
     Friend Class StringSearcher
        Dim value As String
        
        Public Sub New(value As String)
           Me.value = value
        End Sub
        
        Public Function FindEquals(s As String) As Boolean
           Return s.Equals(value, StringComparison.InvariantCulture) 
        End Function
     End Class
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     '   Parameter name: index
     

     Para evitar la excepción, compruebe que la búsqueda se realiza correctamente asegurándose de que el índice devuelto es mayor o igual que cero antes de intentar recuperar el elemento de la colección, como hace el siguiente fragmento de código.To prevent the exception, check that the search is successful by making sure that the returned index is greater than or equal to zero before attempting to retrieve the item from the collection, as the following code fragment does.

     // Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
     int index = list.FindIndex((new StringSearcher("Z")).FindEquals);
     if (index >= 0)
        Console.WriteLine("'Z' is found at index {0}", list[index]);
     

     ' Get the index of the element whose value is "Z".
     Dim index As Integer = list.FindIndex(AddressOf (New StringSearcher("Z")).FindEquals)
     If index >= 0 Then
        Console.WriteLine("Index {0} contains '{1}'", index, list(index)) 
     End If
     

  4. Está intentando recuperar un elemento cuyo índice es igual al valor de la propiedad de la colección Count , como se muestra en el ejemplo siguiente.You're attempting to retrieve an element whose index is equal to the value of the collection's Count property, as the following example illustrates.

     using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
     
     public class Example
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           var list = new List<String>();
           list.AddRange( new String[] { "A", "B", "C" } );
           try {
              // Display the elements in the list by index.
              for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= list.Count; ctr++)
                 Console.WriteLine("Index {0}: {1}", ctr, list[ctr]);
           }
           catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e) {
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
           }
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //   Index 0: A
     //   Index 1: B
     //   Index 2: C
     //   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     //   Parameter name: index
     

     Imports System.Collections.Generic
     
     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim list As New List(Of String) 
           list.AddRange( { "A", "B", "C" } )
           Try
              ' Display the elements in the list by index.
              For ctr As Integer = 0 To list.Count
                 Console.WriteLine("Index {0}: {1}", ctr, list(ctr)) 
              Next   
           Catch e As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
              Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
           End Try
        End Sub
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '   Index 0: A
     '   Index 1: B
     '   Index 2: C
     '   Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
     '   Parameter name: index
     

     Dado que las colecciones de .NET usan una indización de base cero, el primer elemento de la colección está en el índice 0 y el último elemento está en el índice Count -1.Because collections in .NET use zero-based indexing, the first element of the collection is at index 0, and the last element is at index Count - 1. Puede eliminar el error asegurándose de tener acceso al último elemento en el índice Count -1, como hace el código siguiente.You can eliminate the error by ensuring that you access the last element at index Count - 1, as the following code does.

     // Display the elements in the list by index.
     for (int ctr = 0; ctr < list.Count; ctr++)
        Console.WriteLine("Index {0}: {1}", ctr, list[ctr]);
     

     ' Display the elements in the list by index.
     For ctr As Integer = 0 To list.Count - 1 
        Console.WriteLine("Index {0}: {1}", ctr, list(ctr)) 
     Next   
     

• Está intentando realizar una operación de cadena llamando a un método de manipulación de cadenas y el índice de inicio no existe en la cadena.You are attempting to perform a string operation by calling a string manipulation method, and the starting index does not exist in the string.

  Las sobrecargas de métodos como String.Compare , String.CompareOrdinal , String.IndexOf , IndexOfAny , String.Insert , String.LastIndexOf , String.LastIndexOfAny , Remove o String.Substring que permiten especificar el índice inicial de la operación requieren que el índice sea una posición válida dentro de la cadena.Overloads of methods such as such as String.Compare, String.CompareOrdinal, String.IndexOf, IndexOfAny, String.Insert, String.LastIndexOf, String.LastIndexOfAny, Remove, or String.Substring that allow you to specify the starting index of the operation require that the index be a valid position within the string. Los índices válidos van de 0 a String.Length -1.Valid indexes range from 0 to String.Length - 1.

  Hay cuatro causas comunes de esta ArgumentOutOfRangeException excepción:There are four common causes of this ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception:

  1. Está trabajando con una cadena vacía, o String.Empty .You are working with an empty string, or String.Empty. Dado String.Length que su propiedad devuelve 0, cualquier intento de manipularlo por índice produce una ArgumentOutOfRangeException excepción.Because its String.Length property returns 0, any attempt to manipulate it by index throws an ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception. En el ejemplo siguiente, se define un GetFirstCharacter método que devuelve el primer carácter de una cadena.The following example, defines a GetFirstCharacter method that returns the first character of a string. Si la cadena está vacía, ya que la cadena final pasada al método es, el método produce una ArgumentOutOfRangeException excepción.If the string is empty, as the final string passed to the method is, the method throws an ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception.

     using System;
     
     public class Example
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
            String[] words = { "the", "today", "tomorrow", " ", "" };
            foreach (var word in words)
               Console.WriteLine("First character of '{0}': '{1}'",
                                 word, GetFirstCharacter(word));
        }
     
        private static char GetFirstCharacter(String s)
        {
           return s[0];
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    First character of //the//: //t//
     //    First character of //today//: //t//
     //    First character of //tomorrow//: //t//
     //    First character of // //: // //
     //
     //    Unhandled Exception: System.IndexOutOfRangeException: Index was outside the bounds of the array.
     //       at Example.Main()
     

     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
            Dim words() As String = { "the", "today", "tomorrow", " ", "" }
            For Each word In words
               Console.WriteLine("First character of '{0}': '{1}'", 
                                 word, GetFirstCharacter(word))
            Next                     
        End Sub
        
        Private Function GetFirstCharacter(s As String) As Char
           Return s(0)
        End Function
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '    First character of 'the': 't'
     '    First character of 'today': 't'
     '    First character of 'tomorrow': 't'
     '    First character of ' ': ' '
     '    
     '    Unhandled Exception: System.IndexOutOfRangeException: Index was outside the bounds of the array.
     '       at Example.Main()
     

     Puede eliminar la excepción comprobando si el valor de la cadena String.Length es mayor que cero o llamando al IsNullOrEmpty método para asegurarse de que la cadena no es null ni está vacía.You can eliminate the exception by testing whether the string's String.Length is greater than zero or by calling the IsNullOrEmpty method to ensure that the string is not null or empty. El siguiente fragmento de código hace lo último.The following code fragment does the latter. En este caso, si la cadena es null o está vacía, el GetFirstCharacter método devuelve U + 0000.In this case, if the string is null or empty, the GetFirstCharacter method returns U+0000.

     static char GetFirstCharacter(String s)
     {
        if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(s))
           return '\u0000';
        else
           return s[0];
     }
     

     Function GetFirstCharacter(s As String) As Char
        If String.IsNullOrEmpty(s) Then 
           Return ChrW(0)
        Else   
           Return s(0)
        End If   
     End Function
     

  2. Está manipulando una cadena en función de la posición de una subcadena dentro de esa cadena y no ha podido determinar si la subcadena se encontró realmente.You're manipulating a string based on the position of a substring within that string, and you've failed to determine whether the substring was actually found.

     En el ejemplo siguiente se extrae la segunda palabra de una frase de dos palabras.The following example extracts the second word of a two-word phrase. Produce una ArgumentOutOfRangeException excepción si la frase solo está formada por una palabra y, por lo tanto, no contiene un carácter de espacio incrustado.It throws an ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception if the phrase consists of only one word, and therefore does not contain an embedded space character. Esto se produce porque la llamada al String.IndexOf(String) método devuelve-1 para indicar que se produjo un error en la búsqueda y, a continuación, este valor no válido se pasa al String.Substring(Int32) método.This occurs because the call to the String.IndexOf(String) method returns -1 to indicate that the search failed, and this invalid value is then passed to the String.Substring(Int32) method.

     using System;
     
     public class Example
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           String[] phrases = { "ocean blue", "concerned citizen",
                                "runOnPhrase" };
           foreach (var phrase in phrases)
              Console.WriteLine("Second word is {0}", GetSecondWord(phrase));
        }
     
        static String GetSecondWord(String s)
        {
           int pos = s.IndexOf(" ");
           return s.Substring(pos).Trim();
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    Second word is blue
     //    Second word is citizen
     //
     //    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: StartIndex cannot be less than zero.
     //    Parameter name: startIndex
     //       at System.String.Substring(Int32 startIndex, Int32 length)
     //       at Example.GetSecondWord(String s)
     //       at Example.Main()
     

     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim phrases() As String = { "ocean blue", "concerned citizen", 
                                       "runOnPhrase" }
           For Each phrase In phrases
              Console.WriteLine("Second word is {0}", GetSecondWord(phrase))
           Next                            
       End Sub
       
       Function GetSecondWord(s As String) As String
          Dim pos As Integer = s.IndexOf(" ")
          Return s.Substring(pos).Trim()
       End Function
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '       Second word is blue
     '       Second word is citizen
     '       
     '       Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: StartIndex cannot be less than zero.
     '       Parameter name: startIndex
     '          at System.String.Substring(Int32 startIndex, Int32 length)
     '          at Example.GetSecondWord(String s)
     '          at Example.Main()
     

     Para eliminar la excepción, valide el valor devuelto por el método de búsqueda de cadenas antes de llamar al método de manipulación de cadenas.To eliminate the exception, validate the value returned by the string search method before calling the string manipulation method.

     using System;
     
     public class Example
     {
        public static void Main()
        {
           String[] phrases = { "ocean blue", "concerned citizen",
                                "runOnPhrase" };
           foreach (var phrase in phrases) {
              String word = GetSecondWord(phrase);
              if (! String.IsNullOrEmpty(word))
                 Console.WriteLine("Second word is {0}", word);
           }
        }
     
        static String GetSecondWord(String s)
        {
           int pos = s.IndexOf(" ");
           if (pos >= 0)
              return s.Substring(pos).Trim();
           else
              return String.Empty;
        }
     }
     // The example displays the following output:
     //       Second word is blue
     //       Second word is citizen
     

     Module Example
        Public Sub Main()
           Dim phrases() As String = { "ocean blue", "concerned citizen", 
                                       "runOnPhrase" }
           For Each phrase In phrases
              Dim word As String = GetSecondWord(phrase)
              If Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(word) Then _
                 Console.WriteLine("Second word is {0}", word)
           Next                            
        End Sub
       
        Function GetSecondWord(s As String) As String
           Dim pos As Integer = s.IndexOf(" ")
           If pos >= 0
               Return s.Substring(pos).Trim()
           Else
              Return String.Empty
           End If
       End Function
     End Module
     ' The example displays the following output:
     '       Second word is blue
     '       Second word is citizen
     

  3. Ha intentado extraer una subcadena que está fuera del intervalo de la cadena actual.You've attempted to extract a substring that is outside the range of the current string.

     Los métodos que extraen subcadenas requieren que se especifique la posición inicial de la subcadena y, en el caso de las subcadenas que no continúan hasta el final de la cadena, el número de caracteres de la subcadena.The methods that extract substrings all require that you specify the starting position of the substring and, for substrings that do not continue to the end of the string, the number of characters in the substring. Tenga en cuenta que no es el Índice del último carácter de la subcadena.Note that this is not the index of the last character in the substring.

     Una ArgumentOutOfRangeException excepción se produce normalmente en este caso porque ha calculado incorrectamente el número de caracteres de la subcadena.An ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception is typically thrown in this case because you've incorrectly calculated the number of characters in the substring. Si usa un método de búsqueda como String.IndexOf para identificar las posiciones inicial y final de una subcadena:If you are using a search method like String.IndexOf to identify the starting and ending positions of a substring:

     • Si el carácter de la posición final devuelto por String.IndexOf se va a incluir en la subcadena, la fórmula debe proporcionar la posición final de la subcadena.If the character in the ending position returned by String.IndexOf is to be included in the substring, the ending position of the substring is given by the formula

       endIndex - startIndex + 1
       

     • Si el carácter de la posición final devuelto por String.IndexOf se va a excluir de la subcadena, la fórmula debe proporcionar la posición final de la subcadena.If the character in the ending position returned by String.IndexOf is to be excluded from the substring, the ending position of the substring is given by the formula

       endIndex - startIndex
       

       En el ejemplo siguiente se define un FindWords método que utiliza el String.IndexOfAny(Char[], Int32) método para identificar caracteres de espacio y signos de puntuación en una cadena y devuelve una matriz que contiene las palabras que se encuentran en la cadena.The following example defines a FindWords method that uses the String.IndexOfAny(Char[], Int32) method to identify space characters and punctuation marks in a string and returns an array that contains the words found in the string.

       using System;
       using System.Collections.Generic;
       
       public class Example
       {
          public static void Main()
          {
             String sentence = "This is a simple, short sentence.";
             Console.WriteLine("Words in '{0}':", sentence);
             foreach (var word in FindWords(sentence))
                Console.WriteLine("   '{0}'", word);
          }
       
          static String[] FindWords(String s)
          {
             int start = 0, end = 0;
             Char[] delimiters = { ' ', '.', ',', ';', ':', '(', ')' };
             var words = new List<String>();
       
             while (end >= 0) {
                end = s.IndexOfAny(delimiters, start);
                if (end >= 0) {
                   if (end - start > 0)
                      words.Add(s.Substring(start, end - start));
       
                   start = end + 1;
                }
                else {
                   if (start < s.Length - 1)
                      words.Add(s.Substring(start));
                }
             }
             return words.ToArray();
          }
       }
       // The example displays the following output:
       //       Words in 'This is a simple, short sentence.':
       //          'This'
       //          'is'
       //          'a'
       //          'simple'
       //          'short'
       //          'sentence'
       

       Imports System.Collections.Generic
       
       Module Example
          Public Sub Main()
             Dim sentence As String = "This is a simple, short sentence."
             Console.WriteLine("Words in '{0}':", sentence)
             For Each word In FindWords(sentence)
                Console.WriteLine("   '{0}'", word)
             Next
          End Sub
          
          Function FindWords(s As String) As String()
             Dim start, ending As Integer
             Dim delimiters() As Char = { " "c, "."c, ","c, ";"c, ":"c,
                                          "("c, ")"c }
             Dim words As New List(Of String)()
       
             Do While ending >= 0
                ending = s.IndexOfAny(delimiters, start)
                If ending >= 0
                   If ending - start > 0 Then
                      words.Add(s.Substring(start, ending - start)) 
                   End If
                   start = ending + 1
                Else
                   If start < s.Length - 1 Then
                      words.Add(s.Substring(start))
                   End If      
                End If
             Loop    
             Return words.ToArray()                         
          End Function
       End Module
       ' The example displays the following output:
       '       Words in 'This is a simple, short sentence.':
       '          'This'
       '          'is'
       '          'a'
       '          'simple'
       '          'short'
       '          'sentence'
       

• Ha pasado un número negativo a un método con un argumento que solo requiere números positivos y cero, o bien ha pasado un número negativo o cero a un método con un argumento que solo requiere números positivos.You have passed a negative number to a method with an argument that requires only positive numbers and zero, or you have passed either a negative number or zero to a method with an argument that requires only positive numbers.

  Por ejemplo, el Array.CreateInstance(Type, Int32, Int32, Int32) método requiere que especifique el número de elementos de cada dimensión de una matriz bidimensional; los valores válidos para cada dimensión pueden oscilar entre 0 y Int32.MaxValue .For example, the Array.CreateInstance(Type, Int32, Int32, Int32) method requires that you specify the number of elements in each dimension of a two-dimensional array; valid values for each dimension can range from 0 to Int32.MaxValue. Pero dado que el argumento de dimensión en el ejemplo siguiente tiene un valor negativo, el método produce una ArgumentOutOfRangeException excepción.But because the dimension argument in the following example has a negative value, the method throws an ArgumentOutOfRangeException exception.

  using System;
  
  public class Example
  {
     public static void Main()
     {
        int dimension1 = 10;
        int dimension2 = -1;
        try {
           Array arr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(String),
                                            dimension1, dimension2);
        }
        catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e) {
           if (e.ActualValue != null)
              Console.WriteLine("{0} is an invalid value for {1}: ", e.ActualValue, e.ParamName);
           Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
        }
     }
  }
  // The example displays the following output:
  //     Non-negative number required.
  //     Parameter name: length2
  

  Module Example
     Public Sub Main()
        Dim dimension1 As Integer = 10
        Dim dimension2 As Integer = -1
        Try
           Dim arr AS Array = Array.CreateInstance(GetType(String), 
                                                   dimension1, dimension2)
        Catch e As ArgumentOutOfRangeException
           If e.ActualValue IsNot Nothing Then
              Console.WriteLine("{0} is an invalid value for {1}: ", 
                                e.ActualValue, e.ParamName)
           End If                     
           Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
        End Try
     End Sub
  End Module
  ' The example displays the following output:
  '     Non-negative number required.
  '     Parameter name: length2
  

  Para corregir el error, asegúrese de que el valor del argumento no válido no es negativo.To correct the error, ensure that the value of the invalid argument is non-negative. Para ello, proporcione un valor válido, como hace el siguiente fragmento de código.You can do this by providing a valid value, as the following code fragment does.

  int dimension1 = 10;
  int dimension2 = 10;
  Array arr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(String),
                                   dimension1, dimension2);
  

  Dim dimension1 As Integer = 10
  Dim dimension2 As Integer = 10
  Dim arr As Array = Array.CreateInstance(GetType(String), 
                                          dimension1, dimension2)   
  

  También puede validar la entrada y, si no es válida, realizar alguna acción.You can also validate the input and, if it is invalid, take some action. En el fragmento de código siguiente se muestra un mensaje de error en lugar de llamar al método.The following code fragment displays an error message instead of calling the method.

  if (dimension1 < 0 || dimension2 < 0) {
     Console.WriteLine("Unable to create the array.");
     Console.WriteLine("Specify non-negative values for the two dimensions.");
  }
  else {
     arr = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(String),
                                dimension1, dimension2);
  }
  

  If dimension1 < 0 OrElse dimension2 < 0 Then
     Console.WriteLine("Unable to create the array.")
     Console.WriteLine("Specify non-negative values for the two dimensions.")
  Else
     arr = Array.CreateInstance(GetType(String), 
                                dimension1, dimension2)   
  End If
  

• Una condición de carrera existe en una aplicación que es multiproceso o tiene tareas que se ejecutan de forma asincrónica y que actualiza una matriz o colección.A race condition exists in an app that is multithreaded or has tasks that execute asynchronously and that updates an array or collection.

  En el ejemplo siguiente se usa un List<T> objeto para rellenar una colección de Continent objetos.The following example uses a List<T> object to populate a collection of Continent objects. Produce una excepción ArgumentOutOfRangeException si en el ejemplo se intenta mostrar los siete elementos de la colección antes de que la colección se rellene completamente.It throws an ArgumentOutOfRangeException if the example attempts to display the seven items in the collection before the collection is fully populated.

  using System;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  using System.Threading;
  
  public class Continent
  {
     public String Name { get; set; }
     public int Population { get; set; }
     public Decimal Area { get; set; }
  }
  
  public class Example
  {
     static List<Continent> continents = new List<Continent>();
     static String msg;
  
     public static void Main()
     {
        String[] names = { "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia",
                           "Australia", "Europe", "North America",
                           "South America" };
        // Populate the list.
        foreach (var name in names) {
           var th = new Thread(PopulateContinents);
           th.Start(name);
        }
        Console.WriteLine(msg);
        Console.WriteLine();
  
        // Display the list.
        for (int ctr = 0; ctr < names.Length; ctr++) {
           var continent = continents[ctr];
           Console.WriteLine("{0}: Area: {1}, Population {2}",
                             continent.Name, continent.Population,
                             continent.Area);
        }
     }
  
     private static void PopulateContinents(Object obj)
     {
        String name = obj.ToString();
        msg += String.Format("Adding '{0}' to the list.\n", name);
        var continent = new Continent();
        continent.Name = name;
        // Sleep to simulate retrieving remaining data.
        Thread.Sleep(50);
        continents.Add(continent);
     }
  }
  // The example displays output like the following:
  //    Adding //Africa// to the list.
  //    Adding //Antarctica// to the list.
  //    Adding //Asia// to the list.
  //    Adding //Australia// to the list.
  //    Adding //Europe// to the list.
  //    Adding //North America// to the list.
  //    Adding //South America// to the list.
  //
  //
  //
  //    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
  //    Parameter name: index
  //       at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument argument, ExceptionResource resource)
  //       at Example.Main()
  

  Imports System.Collections.Generic
  Imports System.Threading
  
  Public Class Continent
     Public Property Name As String
     Public Property Population As Integer
     Public Property Area As Decimal  
  End Class
  
  Module Example
     Dim continents As New List(Of Continent)
     Dim msg As String 
        
     Public Sub Main()
        Dim names() As String = { "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia", 
                                       "Australia", "Europe", "North America",
                                       "South America" }
        ' Populate the list.
        For Each name In names
           Dim th As New Thread(AddressOf PopulateContinents)
           th.Start(name)
        Next              
        Console.WriteLine(msg)
        Console.WriteLine()
  
        ' Display the list.
        For ctr As Integer = 0 To names.Length - 1
           Dim continent = continents(ctr)
           Console.WriteLine("{0}: Area: {1}, Population {2}", 
                             continent.Name, continent.Population,
                             continent.Area)
        Next
     End Sub
     
     Private Sub PopulateContinents(obj As Object)
        Dim name As String = obj.ToString()
        msg += String.Format("Adding '{0}' to the list.{1}", name, vbCrLf)
        Dim continent As New Continent()
        continent.Name = name
        ' Sleep to simulate retrieving remaining data.
        Thread.Sleep(50)
        continents.Add(continent)
     End Sub
  End Module
  ' The example displays output like the following:
  '    Adding 'Africa' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Antarctica' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Asia' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Australia' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Europe' to the list.
  '    Adding 'North America' to the list.
  '    Adding 'South America' to the list.
  '    
  '    
  '    
  '    Unhandled Exception: System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.
  '    Parameter name: index
  '       at System.ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument argument, ExceptionResource resource)
  '       at Example.Main()
  

  En este caso, se tiene acceso a dos recursos desde varios subprocesos:In this case, two resources are accessed from multiple threads:

  • La colección continents.The continents collection. List<T>.AddSe llama a su método desde varios subprocesos.Its List<T>.Add method is called from multiple threads. Además, el subproceso principal o principal supone que la colección se rellena completamente con siete elementos cuando recorre en iteración sus miembros.In addition, the main or primary thread assumes the collection is fully populated with seven elements when it iterates its members.

  • msgCadena, que se concatena desde varios subprocesos.The msg string, which is concatenated from multiple threads.

  Para corregir el error, asegúrese de que se tiene acceso al estado compartido de una manera segura para subprocesos, como se indica a continuación.To correct the error, ensure that shared state is accessed in a thread-safe way, as follows.

  • Si la aplicación usa una matriz o un objeto de colección, considere la posibilidad de usar una clase de colección segura para subprocesos, como los tipos del System.Collections.Concurrent espacio de nombres o la System.Collections.Immutable versión fuera de banda.if your app uses an array or collection object, consider using a thread-safe collection class, such as the types in the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace or the System.Collections.Immutable out-of-band release.

  • Asegúrese de que se tiene acceso al estado compartido (es decir, a los recursos a los que pueden tener acceso varios subprocesos) de una manera segura para subprocesos, de modo que solo un subproceso cada vez tenga acceso exclusivo a los recursos.Ensure that shared state (that is, resources that can be accessed by multiple threads) is accessed in a thread-safe way, so that only one thread at a time has exclusive access to the resources. Un gran número de clases, como CountdownEvent ,, Interlocked Monitor y Mutex , están disponibles para sincronizar el acceso a los recursos.A large number of classes, such as CountdownEvent, Interlocked, Monitor, and Mutex, are available to synchronize access to resources. Para obtener más información, vea subprocesamiento.For more information, see Threading. Además, la compatibilidad con idiomas está disponible a través de la instrucción Lock en C# y la construcción SyncLock en Visual Basic.In addition, language support is available through the lock statement in C# and the SyncLock construct in Visual Basic.

  En el ejemplo siguiente se aborda ArgumentOutOfRangeException y el resto de problemas del ejemplo anterior.The following example addresses the ArgumentOutOfRangeException and the other issues from the previous example. Reemplaza el List<T> objeto con un ConcurrentBag<T> objeto para asegurarse de que el acceso a la colección es seguro para subprocesos, usa un CountdownEvent objeto para asegurarse de que el subproceso de aplicación continúe solo después de que se hayan ejecutado otros subprocesos y use un bloqueo para asegurarse de que solo un subproceso puede tener acceso a la msg variable a la vez.It replaces the List<T> object with a ConcurrentBag<T> object to ensure that access to the collection is thread-safe, uses a CountdownEvent object to ensure that the application thread continues only after other threads have executed, and uses a lock to ensure that only one thread can access the msg variable at a time.

  using System;
  using System.Collections.Concurrent;
  using System.Threading;
  
  public class Continent
  {
     public String Name { get; set; }
     public int Population { get; set; }
     public Decimal Area { get; set; }
  }
  
  public class Example
  {
     static ConcurrentBag<Continent> continents = new ConcurrentBag<Continent>();
     static CountdownEvent gate;
     static String msg = String.Empty;
  
     public static void Main()
     {
        String[] names = { "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia",
                           "Australia", "Europe", "North America",
                           "South America" };
        gate = new CountdownEvent(names.Length);
  
        // Populate the list.
        foreach (var name in names) {
           var th = new Thread(PopulateContinents);
           th.Start(name);
        }
  
        // Display the list.
        gate.Wait();
        Console.WriteLine(msg);
        Console.WriteLine();
  
        var arr = continents.ToArray();
        for (int ctr = 0; ctr < names.Length; ctr++) {
           var continent = arr[ctr];
           Console.WriteLine("{0}: Area: {1}, Population {2}",
                             continent.Name, continent.Population,
                             continent.Area);
        }
     }
  
     private static void PopulateContinents(Object obj)
     {
        String name = obj.ToString();
        lock(msg) {
           msg += String.Format("Adding '{0}' to the list.\n", name);
        }
        var continent = new Continent();
        continent.Name = name;
        // Sleep to simulate retrieving remaining data.
        Thread.Sleep(25);
        continents.Add(continent);
        gate.Signal();
     }
  }
  // The example displays output like the following:
  //       Adding 'Africa' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Antarctica' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Asia' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Australia' to the list.
  //       Adding 'Europe' to the list.
  //       Adding 'North America' to the list.
  //       Adding 'South America' to the list.
  //
  //
  //       Africa: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Antarctica: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Asia: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Australia: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       Europe: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       North America: Area: 0, Population 0
  //       South America: Area: 0, Population 0
  

  Imports System.Collections.Concurrent
  Imports System.Threading
  
  Public Class Continent
     Public Property Name As String
     Public Property Population As Integer
     Public Property Area As Decimal  
  End Class
  
  Module Example
     Dim continents As New ConcurrentBag(Of Continent)
     Dim gate As CountdownEvent
     Dim msg As String = String.Empty
        
     Public Sub Main()
        Dim names() As String = { "Africa", "Antarctica", "Asia", 
                                  "Australia", "Europe", "North America",
                                  "South America" }
        gate = new CountdownEvent(names.Length)
        
        ' Populate the list.
        For Each name In names
           Dim th As New Thread(AddressOf PopulateContinents)
           th.Start(name)
        Next              
  
        ' Display the list.
        gate.Wait()
        Console.WriteLine(msg)
        Console.WriteLine()
  
        For ctr As Integer = 0 To names.Length - 1
           Dim continent = continents(ctr)
           Console.WriteLine("{0}: Area: {1}, Population {2}", 
                             continent.Name, continent.Population,
                             continent.Area)
        Next
     End Sub
     
     Private Sub PopulateContinents(obj As Object)
        Dim name As String = obj.ToString()
        SyncLock msg 
           msg += String.Format("Adding '{0}' to the list.{1}", name, vbCrLf)
        End SyncLock
        Dim continent As New Continent()
        continent.Name = name
        ' Sleep to simulate retrieving remaining data.
        Thread.Sleep(25)
        continents.Add(continent)
        gate.Signal()
     End Sub
  End Module
  ' The example displays output like the following:
  '    Adding 'Africa' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Antarctica' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Asia' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Australia' to the list.
  '    Adding 'Europe' to the list.
  '    Adding 'North America' to the list.
  '    Adding 'South America' to the list.
  '    
  '    
  '    Africa: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    Antarctica: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    Asia: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    Australia: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    Europe: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    North America: Area: 0, Population 0
  '    South America: Area: 0, Population 0
  

ArgumentOutOfRangeException utiliza el COR_E_ARGUMENTOUTOFRANGE HRESULT, que tiene el valor 0x80131502.ArgumentOutOfRangeException uses the HRESULT COR_E_ARGUMENTOUTOFRANGE, which has the value 0x80131502.

Para obtener una lista de valores de propiedad iniciales de una instancia de ArgumentOutOfRangeException, consulte el ArgumentOutOfRangeException constructores.For a list of initial property values for an instance of ArgumentOutOfRangeException, see the ArgumentOutOfRangeException constructors.

Constructores

Propiedades

Métodos

Eventos

Se aplica a

Consulte también

• Exception