Funzioni di supporto
Questo argomento contiene una serie di funzioni helper comunemente usate nelle estensioni M.
Queste funzioni possono essere spostate alla libreria M ufficiale, ma per il momento possono essere copiate nel codice del file di estensione.
Non è consigliabile contrassegnare alcuna di queste funzioni come shared all'interno del codice di estensione.
Tabelle di spostamento
Table.ToNavigationTable
Questa funzione aggiunge i metadati del tipo di tabella necessari per l'estensione per restituire un valore di tabella che Power Query può riconoscere come albero di spostamento. Per altre informazioni, vedere Tabelle di spostamento.
Table.ToNavigationTable = (
table as table,
keyColumns as list,
nameColumn as text,
dataColumn as text,
itemKindColumn as text,
itemNameColumn as text,
isLeafColumn as text
) as table =>
let
tableType = Value.Type(table),
newTableType = Type.AddTableKey(tableType, keyColumns, true) meta
[
NavigationTable.NameColumn = nameColumn,
NavigationTable.DataColumn = dataColumn,
NavigationTable.ItemKindColumn = itemKindColumn,
Preview.DelayColumn = itemNameColumn,
NavigationTable.IsLeafColumn = isLeafColumn
],
navigationTable = Value.ReplaceType(table, newTableType)
in
navigationTable;
Esempio di utilizzo:
shared MyExtension.Contents = () =>
let
objects = #table(
{"Name", "Key", "Data", "ItemKind", "ItemName", "IsLeaf"},{
{"Item1", "item1", #table({"Column1"}, {{"Item1"}}), "Table", "Table", true},
{"Item2", "item2", #table({"Column1"}, {{"Item2"}}), "Table", "Table", true},
{"Item3", "item3", FunctionCallThatReturnsATable(), "Table", "Table", true},
{"MyFunction", "myfunction", AnotherFunction.Contents(), "Function", "Function", true}
}),
NavTable = Table.ToNavigationTable(objects, {"Key"}, "Name", "Data", "ItemKind", "ItemName", "IsLeaf")
in
NavTable;
Manipolazione URI
Uri.FromParts
Questa funzione crea un URL completo basato su singoli campi nel record. Agisce come inverso di Uri.Parts.
Uri.FromParts = (parts) =>
let
port = if (parts[Scheme] = "https" and parts[Port] = 443) or (parts[Scheme] = "http" and parts[Port] = 80) then "" else ":" & Text.From(parts[Port]),
div1 = if Record.FieldCount(parts[Query]) > 0 then "?" else "",
div2 = if Text.Length(parts[Fragment]) > 0 then "#" else "",
uri = Text.Combine({parts[Scheme], "://", parts[Host], port, parts[Path], div1, Uri.BuildQueryString(parts[Query]), div2, parts[Fragment]})
in
uri;
Uri.GetHost
Questa funzione restituisce lo schema, l'host e la porta predefinita (per HTTP/HTTPS) per un DETERMINATO URL. Ad esempio, https://bing.com/subpath/query?param=1¶m2=hello diventerebbe https://bing.com:443.
Ciò è particolarmente utile per la compilazione ResourcePathdi .
Uri.GetHost = (url) =>
let
parts = Uri.Parts(url),
port = if (parts[Scheme] = "https" and parts[Port] = 443) or (parts[Scheme] = "http" and parts[Port] = 80) then "" else ":" & Text.From(parts[Port])
in
parts[Scheme] & "://" & parts[Host] & port;
ValidateUrlScheme
Questa funzione controlla se l'utente ha immesso un URL HTTPS e genera un errore in caso contrario. Questa operazione è necessaria per gli URL immessi dall'utente per i connettori certificati.
ValidateUrlScheme = (url as text) as text => if (Uri.Parts(url)[Scheme] <> "https") then error "Url scheme must be HTTPS" else url;
Per applicarlo, è sufficiente eseguire il wrapping del url parametro nella funzione di accesso ai dati.
DataAccessFunction = (url as text) as table =>
let
_url = ValidateUrlScheme(url),
source = Web.Contents(_url)
in
source;
Recupero di dati
Value.WaitFor
Questa funzione è utile quando si effettua una richiesta HTTP asincrona ed è necessario eseguire il polling del server fino al completamento della richiesta.
Value.WaitFor = (producer as function, interval as function, optional count as number) as any =>
let
list = List.Generate(
() => {0, null},
(state) => state{0} <> null and (count = null or state{0} < count),
(state) => if state{1} <> null then {null, state{1}} else {1 + state{0}, Function.InvokeAfter(() => producer(state{0}), interval(state{0}))},
(state) => state{1})
in
List.Last(list);
Table.GenerateByPage
Questa funzione viene usata quando un'API restituisce dati in un formato incrementale/di paging, comune per molte API REST. L'argomento getNextPage è una funzione che accetta un singolo parametro, che sarà il risultato della chiamata precedente a getNextPagee deve restituire un oggetto nullable table.
getNextPage = (lastPage) as nullable table => ...;
getNextPage viene chiamato ripetutamente fino a quando non restituisce null. La funzione regolerà la collazione di tutte le pagine in una singola tabella. Quando il risultato della prima chiamata a getNextPage è Null, viene restituita una tabella vuota.
// The getNextPage function takes a single argument and is expected to return a nullable table
Table.GenerateByPage = (getNextPage as function) as table =>
let
listOfPages = List.Generate(
() => getNextPage(null), // get the first page of data
(lastPage) => lastPage <> null, // stop when the function returns null
(lastPage) => getNextPage(lastPage) // pass the previous page to the next function call
),
// concatenate the pages together
tableOfPages = Table.FromList(listOfPages, Splitter.SplitByNothing(), {"Column1"}),
firstRow = tableOfPages{0}?
in
// if we didn't get back any pages of data, return an empty table
// otherwise set the table type based on the columns of the first page
if (firstRow = null) then
Table.FromRows({})
// check for empty first table
else if (Table.IsEmpty(firstRow[Column1])) then
firstRow[Column1]
else
Value.ReplaceType(
Table.ExpandTableColumn(tableOfPages, "Column1", Table.ColumnNames(firstRow[Column1])),
Value.Type(firstRow[Column1])
);
Note aggiuntive:
- La
getNextPagefunzione dovrà recuperare l'URL della pagina successiva (o il numero di pagina o qualsiasi altro valore usato per implementare la logica di paging). Questa operazione viene in genere eseguita aggiungendometavalori alla pagina prima di restituirlo. - Le colonne e il tipo di tabella della tabella combinata (ovvero tutte le pagine insieme) derivano dalla prima pagina di dati. La
getNextPagefunzione deve normalizzare ogni pagina di dati. - La prima chiamata a
getNextPagericeve un parametro Null. getNextPagedeve restituire null quando non sono presenti pagine lasciate.
Un esempio di uso di questa funzione è disponibile nell'esempio github e nell'esempio di paging TripPin.
Github.PagedTable = (url as text) => Table.GenerateByPage((previous) =>
let
// If we have a previous page, get its Next link from metadata on the page.
next = if (previous <> null) then Value.Metadata(previous)[Next] else null,
// If we have a next link, use it, otherwise use the original URL that was passed in.
urlToUse = if (next <> null) then next else url,
// If we have a previous page, but don't have a next link, then we're done paging.
// Otherwise retrieve the next page.
current = if (previous <> null and next = null) then null else Github.Contents(urlToUse),
// If we got data back from the current page, get the link for the next page
link = if (current <> null) then Value.Metadata(current)[Next] else null
in
current meta [Next=link]);
SchemaTransformTable
EnforceSchema.Strict = 1; // Add any missing columns, remove extra columns, set table type
EnforceSchema.IgnoreExtraColumns = 2; // Add missing columns, do not remove extra columns
EnforceSchema.IgnoreMissingColumns = 3; // Do not add or remove columns
SchemaTransformTable = (table as table, schema as table, optional enforceSchema as number) as table =>
let
// Default to EnforceSchema.Strict
_enforceSchema = if (enforceSchema <> null) then enforceSchema else EnforceSchema.Strict,
// Applies type transforms to a given table
EnforceTypes = (table as table, schema as table) as table =>
let
map = (t) => if Type.Is(t, type list) or Type.Is(t, type record) or t = type any then null else t,
mapped = Table.TransformColumns(schema, {"Type", map}),
omitted = Table.SelectRows(mapped, each [Type] <> null),
existingColumns = Table.ColumnNames(table),
removeMissing = Table.SelectRows(omitted, each List.Contains(existingColumns, [Name])),
primativeTransforms = Table.ToRows(removeMissing),
changedPrimatives = Table.TransformColumnTypes(table, primativeTransforms)
in
changedPrimatives,
// Returns the table type for a given schema
SchemaToTableType = (schema as table) as type =>
let
toList = List.Transform(schema[Type], (t) => [Type=t, Optional=false]),
toRecord = Record.FromList(toList, schema[Name]),
toType = Type.ForRecord(toRecord, false)
in
type table (toType),
// Determine if we have extra/missing columns.
// The enforceSchema parameter determines what we do about them.
schemaNames = schema[Name],
foundNames = Table.ColumnNames(table),
addNames = List.RemoveItems(schemaNames, foundNames),
extraNames = List.RemoveItems(foundNames, schemaNames),
tmp = Text.NewGuid(),
added = Table.AddColumn(table, tmp, each []),
expanded = Table.ExpandRecordColumn(added, tmp, addNames),
result = if List.IsEmpty(addNames) then table else expanded,
fullList =
if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.Strict) then
schemaNames
else if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.IgnoreMissingColumns) then
foundNames
else
schemaNames & extraNames,
// Select the final list of columns.
// These will be ordered according to the schema table.
reordered = Table.SelectColumns(result, fullList, MissingField.Ignore),
enforcedTypes = EnforceTypes(reordered, schema),
withType = if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.Strict) then Value.ReplaceType(enforcedTypes, SchemaToTableType(schema)) else enforcedTypes
in
withType;
Table.ChangeType
let
// table should be an actual Table.Type, or a List.Type of Records
Table.ChangeType = (table, tableType as type) as nullable table =>
// we only operate on table types
if (not Type.Is(tableType, type table)) then error "type argument should be a table type" else
// if we have a null value, just return it
if (table = null) then table else
let
columnsForType = Type.RecordFields(Type.TableRow(tableType)),
columnsAsTable = Record.ToTable(columnsForType),
schema = Table.ExpandRecordColumn(columnsAsTable, "Value", {"Type"}, {"Type"}),
previousMeta = Value.Metadata(tableType),
// make sure we have a table
parameterType = Value.Type(table),
_table =
if (Type.Is(parameterType, type table)) then table
else if (Type.Is(parameterType, type list)) then
let
asTable = Table.FromList(table, Splitter.SplitByNothing(), {"Column1"}),
firstValueType = Value.Type(Table.FirstValue(asTable, null)),
result =
// if the member is a record (as expected), then expand it.
if (Type.Is(firstValueType, type record)) then
Table.ExpandRecordColumn(asTable, "Column1", schema[Name])
else
error Error.Record("Error.Parameter", "table argument is a list, but not a list of records", [ ValueType = firstValueType ])
in
if (List.IsEmpty(table)) then
#table({"a"}, {})
else result
else
error Error.Record("Error.Parameter", "table argument should be a table or list of records", [ValueType = parameterType]),
reordered = Table.SelectColumns(_table, schema[Name], MissingField.UseNull),
// process primitive values - this will call Table.TransformColumnTypes
map = (t) => if Type.Is(t, type table) or Type.Is(t, type list) or Type.Is(t, type record) or t = type any then null else t,
mapped = Table.TransformColumns(schema, {"Type", map}),
omitted = Table.SelectRows(mapped, each [Type] <> null),
existingColumns = Table.ColumnNames(reordered),
removeMissing = Table.SelectRows(omitted, each List.Contains(existingColumns, [Name])),
primativeTransforms = Table.ToRows(removeMissing),
changedPrimatives = Table.TransformColumnTypes(reordered, primativeTransforms),
// Get the list of transforms we'll use for Record types
recordColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type record)),
recordTypeTransformations = Table.AddColumn(recordColumns, "RecordTransformations", each (r) => Record.ChangeType(r, [Type]), type function),
recordChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(recordTypeTransformations, {"Name", "RecordTransformations"})),
// Get the list of transforms we'll use for List types
listColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type list)),
listTransforms = Table.AddColumn(listColumns, "ListTransformations", each (t) => List.ChangeType(t, [Type]), Function.Type),
listChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(listTransforms, {"Name", "ListTransformations"})),
// Get the list of transforms we'll use for Table types
tableColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type table)),
tableTransforms = Table.AddColumn(tableColumns, "TableTransformations", each (t) => @Table.ChangeType(t, [Type]), Function.Type),
tableChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(tableTransforms, {"Name", "TableTransformations"})),
// Perform all of our transformations
allColumnTransforms = recordChanges & listChanges & tableChanges,
changedRecordTypes = if (List.IsEmpty(allColumnTransforms)) then changedPrimatives else Table.TransformColumns(changedPrimatives, allColumnTransforms, null, MissingField.Ignore),
// set final type
withType = Value.ReplaceType(changedRecordTypes, tableType)
in
if (List.IsEmpty(Record.FieldNames(columnsForType))) then table else withType meta previousMeta,
// If given a generic record type (no predefined fields), the original record is returned
Record.ChangeType = (record as record, recordType as type) =>
let
// record field format is [ fieldName = [ Type = type, Optional = logical], ... ]
fields = try Type.RecordFields(recordType) otherwise error "Record.ChangeType: failed to get record fields. Is this a record type?",
fieldNames = Record.FieldNames(fields),
fieldTable = Record.ToTable(fields),
optionalFields = Table.SelectRows(fieldTable, each [Value][Optional])[Name],
requiredFields = List.Difference(fieldNames, optionalFields),
// make sure all required fields exist
withRequired = Record.SelectFields(record, requiredFields, MissingField.UseNull),
// append optional fields
withOptional = withRequired & Record.SelectFields(record, optionalFields, MissingField.Ignore),
// set types
transforms = GetTransformsForType(recordType),
withTypes = Record.TransformFields(withOptional, transforms, MissingField.Ignore),
// order the same as the record type
reorder = Record.ReorderFields(withTypes, fieldNames, MissingField.Ignore)
in
if (List.IsEmpty(fieldNames)) then record else reorder,
List.ChangeType = (list as list, listType as type) =>
if (not Type.Is(listType, type list)) then error "type argument should be a list type" else
let
listItemType = Type.ListItem(listType),
transform = GetTransformByType(listItemType),
modifiedValues = List.Transform(list, transform),
typed = Value.ReplaceType(modifiedValues, listType)
in
typed,
// Returns a table type for the provided schema table
Schema.ToTableType = (schema as table) as type =>
let
toList = List.Transform(schema[Type], (t) => [Type=t, Optional=false]),
toRecord = Record.FromList(toList, schema[Name]),
toType = Type.ForRecord(toRecord, false),
previousMeta = Value.Metadata(schema)
in
type table (toType) meta previousMeta,
// Returns a list of transformations that can be passed to Table.TransformColumns, or Record.TransformFields
// Format: {"Column", (f) => ...) .... ex: {"A", Number.From}
GetTransformsForType = (_type as type) as list =>
let
fieldsOrColumns = if (Type.Is(_type, type record)) then Type.RecordFields(_type)
else if (Type.Is(_type, type table)) then Type.RecordFields(Type.TableRow(_type))
else error "GetTransformsForType: record or table type expected",
toTable = Record.ToTable(fieldsOrColumns),
transformColumn = Table.AddColumn(toTable, "Transform", each GetTransformByType([Value][Type]), Function.Type),
transformMap = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(transformColumn, {"Name", "Transform"}))
in
transformMap,
GetTransformByType = (_type as type) as function =>
if (Type.Is(_type, type number)) then Number.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type text)) then Text.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type date)) then Date.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type datetime)) then DateTime.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type duration)) then Duration.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type datetimezone)) then DateTimeZone.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type logical)) then Logical.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type time)) then Time.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type record)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @Record.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
else if (Type.Is(_type, type table)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @Table.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
else if (Type.Is(_type, type list)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @List.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
else (t) => t
in
Table.ChangeType
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