CancellationToken Estrutura

Definição

public value class CancellationToken

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)]
public struct CancellationToken

type CancellationToken = struct

Public Structure CancellationToken

Herança

Object

ValueType

CancellationToken

Atributos

ComVisibleAttribute

Exemplos

O exemplo a seguir usa um gerador de números aleatórios para emular um aplicativo de coleta de dados que lê 10 valores integrais de onze instrumentos diferentes.The following example uses a random number generator to emulate a data collection application that reads 10 integral values from eleven different instruments. Um valor de zero indica que a medição falhou para um instrumento; nesse caso, a operação deve ser cancelada e nenhuma média geral deve ser computada.A value of zero indicates that the measurement has failed for one instrument, in which case the operation should be cancelled and no overall mean should be computed.

Para lidar com o cancelamento possível da operação, o exemplo instancia um objeto CancellationTokenSource que gera um token de cancelamento que é passado para um objeto TaskFactory.To handle the possible cancellation of the operation, the example instantiates a CancellationTokenSource object that generates a cancellation token which is passed to a TaskFactory object. O objeto TaskFactory, por sua vez, passa o token de cancelamento para cada uma das tarefas responsáveis pela coleta de leituras de um instrumento específico.The TaskFactory object in turn passes the cancellation token to each of the tasks responsible for collecting readings for a particular instrument. O método TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAll<TAntecedentResult,TResult>(Task<TAntecedentResult>[], Func<Task<TAntecedentResult>[],TResult>, CancellationToken) é chamado para garantir que a média seja calculada somente depois que todas as leituras tiverem sido reunidas com êxito.The TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAll<TAntecedentResult,TResult>(Task<TAntecedentResult>[], Func<Task<TAntecedentResult>[],TResult>, CancellationToken) method is called to ensure that the mean is computed only after all readings have been gathered successfully. Se uma tarefa não tiver sido cancelada, a chamada para o método TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAll lançará uma exceção.If a task has not because it has been cancelled, the call to the TaskFactory.ContinueWhenAll method throws an exception.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Define the cancellation token.
      CancellationTokenSource source = new CancellationTokenSource();
      CancellationToken token = source.Token;

      Random rnd = new Random();
      Object lockObj = new Object();
      
      List<Task<int[]>> tasks = new List<Task<int[]>>();
      TaskFactory factory = new TaskFactory(token);
      for (int taskCtr = 0; taskCtr <= 10; taskCtr++) {
         int iteration = taskCtr + 1;
         tasks.Add(factory.StartNew( () => {
                                       int value;
                                       int[] values = new int[10];
                                       for (int ctr = 1; ctr <= 10; ctr++) {
                                          lock (lockObj) {
                                             value = rnd.Next(0,101);
                                          }
                                          if (value == 0) { 
                                             source.Cancel();
                                             Console.WriteLine("Cancelling at task {0}", iteration);
                                             break;
                                          }   
                                          values[ctr-1] = value; 
                                       }
                                       return values;
                                    }, token));   
         
      }
      try {
         Task<double> fTask = factory.ContinueWhenAll(tasks.ToArray(), 
                                                      (results) => {
                                                         Console.WriteLine("Calculating overall mean...");
                                                         long sum = 0;
                                                         int n = 0; 
                                                         foreach (var t in results) {
                                                            foreach (var r in t.Result) {
                                                                  sum += r;
                                                                  n++;
                                                               }
                                                         }
                                                         return sum/(double) n;
                                                      } , token);
         Console.WriteLine("The mean is {0}.", fTask.Result);
      }   
      catch (AggregateException ae) {
         foreach (Exception e in ae.InnerExceptions) {
            if (e is TaskCanceledException)
               Console.WriteLine("Unable to compute mean: {0}", 
                                 ((TaskCanceledException) e).Message);
            else
               Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + e.GetType().Name);
         }
      }
      finally {
         source.Dispose();
      }
   }
}
// Repeated execution of the example produces output like the following:
//       Cancelling at task 5
//       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//       
//       Cancelling at task 10
//       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//       
//       Calculating overall mean...
//       The mean is 5.29545454545455.
//       
//       Cancelling at task 4
//       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//       
//       Cancelling at task 5
//       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//       
//       Cancelling at task 6
//       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//       
//       Calculating overall mean...
//       The mean is 4.97363636363636.
//       
//       Cancelling at task 4
//       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//       
//       Cancelling at task 5
//       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//       
//       Cancelling at task 4
//       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
//       
//       Calculating overall mean...
//       The mean is 4.86545454545455.

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      ' Define the cancellation token.
      Dim source As New CancellationTokenSource()
      Dim token As CancellationToken = source.Token

      Dim lockObj As New Object()
      Dim rnd As New Random

      Dim tasks As New List(Of Task(Of Integer()))
      Dim factory As New TaskFactory(token)
      For taskCtr As Integer = 0 To 10
         Dim iteration As Integer = taskCtr + 1
         tasks.Add(factory.StartNew(Function()
                                       Dim value, values(9) As Integer
                                       For ctr As Integer = 1 To 10
                                          SyncLock lockObj
                                             value = rnd.Next(0,101)
                                          End SyncLock
                                          If value = 0 Then 
                                             source.Cancel
                                             Console.WriteLine("Cancelling at task {0}", iteration)
                                             Exit For
                                          End If   
                                          values(ctr-1) = value 
                                       Next
                                       Return values
                                    End Function, token))   
         
      Next
      Try
         Dim fTask As Task(Of Double) = factory.ContinueWhenAll(tasks.ToArray(), 
                                                         Function(results)
                                                            Console.WriteLine("Calculating overall mean...")
                                                            Dim sum As Long
                                                            Dim n As Integer 
                                                            For Each t In results
                                                               For Each r In t.Result
                                                                  sum += r
                                                                  n+= 1
                                                               Next
                                                            Next
                                                            Return sum/n
                                                         End Function, token)
         Console.WriteLine("The mean is {0}.", fTask.Result)
      Catch ae As AggregateException
         For Each e In ae.InnerExceptions
            If TypeOf e Is TaskCanceledException
               Console.WriteLine("Unable to compute mean: {0}", 
                                 CType(e, TaskCanceledException).Message)
            Else
               Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + e.GetType().Name)
            End If   
         Next
      Finally
         source.Dispose()
      End Try                                                          
   End Sub
End Module
' Repeated execution of the example produces output like the following:
'       Cancelling at task 5
'       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Cancelling at task 10
'       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Calculating overall mean...
'       The mean is 5.29545454545455.
'       
'       Cancelling at task 4
'       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Cancelling at task 5
'       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Cancelling at task 6
'       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Calculating overall mean...
'       The mean is 4.97363636363636.
'       
'       Cancelling at task 4
'       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Cancelling at task 5
'       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Cancelling at task 4
'       Unable to compute mean: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Calculating overall mean...
'       The mean is 4.86545454545455.

Comentários

Um CancellationToken permite o cancelamento cooperativo entre threads, itens de trabalho do pool de threads ou objetos Task.A CancellationToken enables cooperative cancellation between threads, thread pool work items, or Task objects. Você cria um token de cancelamento instanciando um objeto CancellationTokenSource, que gerencia tokens de cancelamento recuperados de sua propriedade CancellationTokenSource.Token.You create a cancellation token by instantiating a CancellationTokenSource object, which manages cancellation tokens retrieved from its CancellationTokenSource.Token property. Em seguida, você passa o token de cancelamento para qualquer número de threads, tarefas ou operações que devem receber aviso de cancelamento.You then pass the cancellation token to any number of threads, tasks, or operations that should receive notice of cancellation. O token não pode ser usado para iniciar o cancelamento.The token cannot be used to initiate cancellation. Quando o objeto proprietário chama CancellationTokenSource.Cancel, a propriedade IsCancellationRequested em cada cópia do token de cancelamento é definida como true.When the owning object calls CancellationTokenSource.Cancel, the IsCancellationRequested property on every copy of the cancellation token is set to true. Os objetos que recebem a notificação podem responder de qualquer maneira apropriada.The objects that receive the notification can respond in whatever manner is appropriate.

Para obter mais informações e exemplos de código, consulte cancelamento em threads gerenciados.For more information and code examples see Cancellation in Managed Threads.

Construtores

Propriedades

Métodos

Operadores

Aplica-se a

Acesso thread-safe

Todos os membros públicos e protegidos do CancellationToken são thread-safe e podem ser usados simultaneamente de vários threads.All public and protected members of CancellationToken are thread-safe and may be used concurrently from multiple threads.

Veja também

• CancelamentoCancellation
• Cancelamento da tarefaTask Cancellation