Pomocné funkcie
Táto téma obsahuje množstvo pomocných funkcií, ktoré sa bežne používajú v rozšíreniach jazyka M.
Tieto funkcie sa môžu napokon premiestniť do oficiálnej knižnice jazyka M, ale teraz ich možno skopírovať do kódu súboru s príponou.
Niektorú z týchto funkcií by ste nemali označovať ako shared v kóde rozšírenia.
Navigačné tabuľky
Table.ToNavigationTable
Táto funkcia pridá metaúdaje typu tabuľky, ktoré sú potrebné pre vaše rozšírenie, aby sa vrátila hodnota tabuľky, ktorú Power Query dokáže rozpoznať ako navigačný strom. Ďalšie informácie nájdete v časti Navigačné tabuľky .
Table.ToNavigationTable = (
table as table,
keyColumns as list,
nameColumn as text,
dataColumn as text,
itemKindColumn as text,
itemNameColumn as text,
isLeafColumn as text
) as table =>
let
tableType = Value.Type(table),
newTableType = Type.AddTableKey(tableType, keyColumns, true) meta
[
NavigationTable.NameColumn = nameColumn,
NavigationTable.DataColumn = dataColumn,
NavigationTable.ItemKindColumn = itemKindColumn,
Preview.DelayColumn = itemNameColumn,
NavigationTable.IsLeafColumn = isLeafColumn
],
navigationTable = Value.ReplaceType(table, newTableType)
in
navigationTable;
| Parameter | Podrobnosti |
|---|---|
| table | Vaša navigačná tabuľka. |
| keyColumns | Zoznam názvov stĺpcov, ktoré slúžia ako primárny kľúč tabuľky navigácie. |
| nameColumn | Názov stĺpca, ktorý sa má použiť ako zobrazovaný názov v navigátore. |
| dataColumn (stĺpec údajov) | Názov stĺpca, ktorý obsahuje funkciu Table alebo Function, ktorá sa má zobraziť. |
| itemKindColumn | Názov stĺpca, ktorý sa má použiť na určenie typu ikony, ktorá sa má zobraziť. Platné hodnoty pre tento stĺpec sú uvedené v článku Spracovanie navigácie. |
| itemNameColumn | Názov stĺpca, ktorý sa má použiť na určenie typu popisu, ktorý sa má zobraziť. Platné hodnoty pre stĺpec sú Table a Function. |
| isLeafColumn | Názov stĺpca, ktorý sa používa na určenie, či ide o listový uzol, alebo či uzol možno rozbaliť tak, aby obsahoval inú navigačnú tabuľku. |
Príklad použitia:
shared MyExtension.Contents = () =>
let
objects = #table(
{"Name", "Key", "Data", "ItemKind", "ItemName", "IsLeaf"},{
{"Item1", "item1", #table({"Column1"}, {{"Item1"}}), "Table", "Table", true},
{"Item2", "item2", #table({"Column1"}, {{"Item2"}}), "Table", "Table", true},
{"Item3", "item3", FunctionCallThatReturnsATable(), "Table", "Table", true},
{"MyFunction", "myfunction", AnotherFunction.Contents(), "Function", "Function", true}
}),
NavTable = Table.ToNavigationTable(objects, {"Key"}, "Name", "Data", "ItemKind", "ItemName", "IsLeaf")
in
NavTable;
Manipulácia s identifikátormi URI
Uri.FromParts
Táto funkcia vytvorí úplnú URL adresu na základe jednotlivých polí v zázname. Funguje ako opak identifikátora Uri.Parts.
Uri.FromParts = (parts) =>
let
port = if (parts[Scheme] = "https" and parts[Port] = 443) or (parts[Scheme] = "http" and parts[Port] = 80) then "" else ":" & Text.From(parts[Port]),
div1 = if Record.FieldCount(parts[Query]) > 0 then "?" else "",
div2 = if Text.Length(parts[Fragment]) > 0 then "#" else "",
uri = Text.Combine({parts[Scheme], "://", parts[Host], port, parts[Path], div1, Uri.BuildQueryString(parts[Query]), div2, parts[Fragment]})
in
uri;
Uri.GetHost
Táto funkcia vráti schému, hostiteľa a predvolený port (pre HTTP/HTTPS) pre danú URL adresu. Napríklad https://bing.com/subpath/query?param=1¶m2=hello by sa stal https://bing.com:443.
Je to užitočné najmä pri vytváraní .ResourcePath
Uri.GetHost = (url) =>
let
parts = Uri.Parts(url),
port = if (parts[Scheme] = "https" and parts[Port] = 443) or (parts[Scheme] = "http" and parts[Port] = 80) then "" else ":" & Text.From(parts[Port])
in
parts[Scheme] & "://" & parts[Host] & port;
ValidateUrlScheme
Táto funkcia skontroluje, či používateľ zadal URL adresu protokolu HTTPS, a ak tak neurobí, vyvolá chybu. Toto sa vyžaduje pre URL adresy zadané používateľom pre certifikované konektory.
ValidateUrlScheme = (url as text) as text => if (Uri.Parts(url)[Scheme] <> "https") then error "Url scheme must be HTTPS" else url;
Ak ho chcete použiť, jednoducho zabaľte url parameter do funkcie prístupu k údajom.
DataAccessFunction = (url as text) as table =>
let
_url = ValidateUrlScheme(url),
source = Web.Contents(_url)
in
source;
Načítavanie údajov
Value.WaitFor
Táto funkcia je užitočná pri vytváraní asynchrónnej požiadavky HTTP a vy potrebujete server vyhľadať v ankete, kým sa požiadavka nedokončí.
Value.WaitFor = (producer as function, interval as function, optional count as number) as any =>
let
list = List.Generate(
() => {0, null},
(state) => state{0} <> null and (count = null or state{0} < count),
(state) => if state{1} <> null then {null, state{1}} else {1 + state{0}, Function.InvokeAfter(() => producer(state{0}), interval(state{0}))},
(state) => state{1})
in
List.Last(list);
Table.GenerateByPage
Táto funkcia sa používa, keď rozhranie API vráti údaje v prírastkovom alebo stránkovanom formáte, ktorý je bežný pre mnohé rozhrania REST API. Argument getNextPage je funkcia, ktorá prijíma jeden parameter, ktorý bude výsledkom predchádzajúceho volania funkcie getNextPagea mal by vrátiť nullable table.
getNextPage = (lastPage) as nullable table => ...;
getNextPage používa sa opakovane, kým funkcia nevráti nullhodnotu . Funkcia zoradí všetky strany do jednej tabuľky. Keď je výsledkom prvého volania getNextPage funkcie hodnota null, vráti sa prázdna tabuľka.
// The getNextPage function takes a single argument and is expected to return a nullable table
Table.GenerateByPage = (getNextPage as function) as table =>
let
listOfPages = List.Generate(
() => getNextPage(null), // get the first page of data
(lastPage) => lastPage <> null, // stop when the function returns null
(lastPage) => getNextPage(lastPage) // pass the previous page to the next function call
),
// concatenate the pages together
tableOfPages = Table.FromList(listOfPages, Splitter.SplitByNothing(), {"Column1"}),
firstRow = tableOfPages{0}?
in
// if we didn't get back any pages of data, return an empty table
// otherwise set the table type based on the columns of the first page
if (firstRow = null) then
Table.FromRows({})
// check for empty first table
else if (Table.IsEmpty(firstRow[Column1])) then
firstRow[Column1]
else
Value.ReplaceType(
Table.ExpandTableColumn(tableOfPages, "Column1", Table.ColumnNames(firstRow[Column1])),
Value.Type(firstRow[Column1])
);
Doplňujúce Poznámky:
- Funkcia
getNextPagebude musieť načítať URL adresu nasledujúcej stránky (číslo strany alebo iné hodnoty, ktoré sa používajú na implementáciu logiky stránkovania). Zvyčajne sa to robí pridanímmetahodnôt na stranu pred jej vrátením. - Stĺpce a typ tabuľky kombinovanej tabuľky (teda všetky strany dohromady) sú odvodené od prvej strany údajov. Funkcia
getNextPageby mala normalizovať každú stránku údajov. - Prvé volanie, ktoré
getNextPageprijíma parameter null. getNextPageMusí vrátiť hodnotu null, ak nezostali žiadne strany.
Príklad použitia tejto funkcie nájdete v ukážke služby Github a v ukážke stránkovania TripPin.
Github.PagedTable = (url as text) => Table.GenerateByPage((previous) =>
let
// If we have a previous page, get its Next link from metadata on the page.
next = if (previous <> null) then Value.Metadata(previous)[Next] else null,
// If we have a next link, use it, otherwise use the original URL that was passed in.
urlToUse = if (next <> null) then next else url,
// If we have a previous page, but don't have a next link, then we're done paging.
// Otherwise retrieve the next page.
current = if (previous <> null and next = null) then null else Github.Contents(urlToUse),
// If we got data back from the current page, get the link for the next page
link = if (current <> null) then Value.Metadata(current)[Next] else null
in
current meta [Next=link]);
SchemaTransformTable
EnforceSchema.Strict = 1; // Add any missing columns, remove extra columns, set table type
EnforceSchema.IgnoreExtraColumns = 2; // Add missing columns, do not remove extra columns
EnforceSchema.IgnoreMissingColumns = 3; // Do not add or remove columns
SchemaTransformTable = (table as table, schema as table, optional enforceSchema as number) as table =>
let
// Default to EnforceSchema.Strict
_enforceSchema = if (enforceSchema <> null) then enforceSchema else EnforceSchema.Strict,
// Applies type transforms to a given table
EnforceTypes = (table as table, schema as table) as table =>
let
map = (t) => if Type.Is(t, type list) or Type.Is(t, type record) or t = type any then null else t,
mapped = Table.TransformColumns(schema, {"Type", map}),
omitted = Table.SelectRows(mapped, each [Type] <> null),
existingColumns = Table.ColumnNames(table),
removeMissing = Table.SelectRows(omitted, each List.Contains(existingColumns, [Name])),
primativeTransforms = Table.ToRows(removeMissing),
changedPrimatives = Table.TransformColumnTypes(table, primativeTransforms)
in
changedPrimatives,
// Returns the table type for a given schema
SchemaToTableType = (schema as table) as type =>
let
toList = List.Transform(schema[Type], (t) => [Type=t, Optional=false]),
toRecord = Record.FromList(toList, schema[Name]),
toType = Type.ForRecord(toRecord, false)
in
type table (toType),
// Determine if we have extra/missing columns.
// The enforceSchema parameter determines what we do about them.
schemaNames = schema[Name],
foundNames = Table.ColumnNames(table),
addNames = List.RemoveItems(schemaNames, foundNames),
extraNames = List.RemoveItems(foundNames, schemaNames),
tmp = Text.NewGuid(),
added = Table.AddColumn(table, tmp, each []),
expanded = Table.ExpandRecordColumn(added, tmp, addNames),
result = if List.IsEmpty(addNames) then table else expanded,
fullList =
if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.Strict) then
schemaNames
else if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.IgnoreMissingColumns) then
foundNames
else
schemaNames & extraNames,
// Select the final list of columns.
// These will be ordered according to the schema table.
reordered = Table.SelectColumns(result, fullList, MissingField.Ignore),
enforcedTypes = EnforceTypes(reordered, schema),
withType = if (_enforceSchema = EnforceSchema.Strict) then Value.ReplaceType(enforcedTypes, SchemaToTableType(schema)) else enforcedTypes
in
withType;
Table.ChangeType
let
// table should be an actual Table.Type, or a List.Type of Records
Table.ChangeType = (table, tableType as type) as nullable table =>
// we only operate on table types
if (not Type.Is(tableType, type table)) then error "type argument should be a table type" else
// if we have a null value, just return it
if (table = null) then table else
let
columnsForType = Type.RecordFields(Type.TableRow(tableType)),
columnsAsTable = Record.ToTable(columnsForType),
schema = Table.ExpandRecordColumn(columnsAsTable, "Value", {"Type"}, {"Type"}),
previousMeta = Value.Metadata(tableType),
// make sure we have a table
parameterType = Value.Type(table),
_table =
if (Type.Is(parameterType, type table)) then table
else if (Type.Is(parameterType, type list)) then
let
asTable = Table.FromList(table, Splitter.SplitByNothing(), {"Column1"}),
firstValueType = Value.Type(Table.FirstValue(asTable, null)),
result =
// if the member is a record (as expected), then expand it.
if (Type.Is(firstValueType, type record)) then
Table.ExpandRecordColumn(asTable, "Column1", schema[Name])
else
error Error.Record("Error.Parameter", "table argument is a list, but not a list of records", [ ValueType = firstValueType ])
in
if (List.IsEmpty(table)) then
#table({"a"}, {})
else result
else
error Error.Record("Error.Parameter", "table argument should be a table or list of records", [ValueType = parameterType]),
reordered = Table.SelectColumns(_table, schema[Name], MissingField.UseNull),
// process primitive values - this will call Table.TransformColumnTypes
map = (t) => if Type.Is(t, type table) or Type.Is(t, type list) or Type.Is(t, type record) or t = type any then null else t,
mapped = Table.TransformColumns(schema, {"Type", map}),
omitted = Table.SelectRows(mapped, each [Type] <> null),
existingColumns = Table.ColumnNames(reordered),
removeMissing = Table.SelectRows(omitted, each List.Contains(existingColumns, [Name])),
primativeTransforms = Table.ToRows(removeMissing),
changedPrimatives = Table.TransformColumnTypes(reordered, primativeTransforms),
// Get the list of transforms we'll use for Record types
recordColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type record)),
recordTypeTransformations = Table.AddColumn(recordColumns, "RecordTransformations", each (r) => Record.ChangeType(r, [Type]), type function),
recordChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(recordTypeTransformations, {"Name", "RecordTransformations"})),
// Get the list of transforms we'll use for List types
listColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type list)),
listTransforms = Table.AddColumn(listColumns, "ListTransformations", each (t) => List.ChangeType(t, [Type]), Function.Type),
listChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(listTransforms, {"Name", "ListTransformations"})),
// Get the list of transforms we'll use for Table types
tableColumns = Table.SelectRows(schema, each Type.Is([Type], type table)),
tableTransforms = Table.AddColumn(tableColumns, "TableTransformations", each (t) => @Table.ChangeType(t, [Type]), Function.Type),
tableChanges = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(tableTransforms, {"Name", "TableTransformations"})),
// Perform all of our transformations
allColumnTransforms = recordChanges & listChanges & tableChanges,
changedRecordTypes = if (List.IsEmpty(allColumnTransforms)) then changedPrimatives else Table.TransformColumns(changedPrimatives, allColumnTransforms, null, MissingField.Ignore),
// set final type
withType = Value.ReplaceType(changedRecordTypes, tableType)
in
if (List.IsEmpty(Record.FieldNames(columnsForType))) then table else withType meta previousMeta,
// If given a generic record type (no predefined fields), the original record is returned
Record.ChangeType = (record as record, recordType as type) =>
let
// record field format is [ fieldName = [ Type = type, Optional = logical], ... ]
fields = try Type.RecordFields(recordType) otherwise error "Record.ChangeType: failed to get record fields. Is this a record type?",
fieldNames = Record.FieldNames(fields),
fieldTable = Record.ToTable(fields),
optionalFields = Table.SelectRows(fieldTable, each [Value][Optional])[Name],
requiredFields = List.Difference(fieldNames, optionalFields),
// make sure all required fields exist
withRequired = Record.SelectFields(record, requiredFields, MissingField.UseNull),
// append optional fields
withOptional = withRequired & Record.SelectFields(record, optionalFields, MissingField.Ignore),
// set types
transforms = GetTransformsForType(recordType),
withTypes = Record.TransformFields(withOptional, transforms, MissingField.Ignore),
// order the same as the record type
reorder = Record.ReorderFields(withTypes, fieldNames, MissingField.Ignore)
in
if (List.IsEmpty(fieldNames)) then record else reorder,
List.ChangeType = (list as list, listType as type) =>
if (not Type.Is(listType, type list)) then error "type argument should be a list type" else
let
listItemType = Type.ListItem(listType),
transform = GetTransformByType(listItemType),
modifiedValues = List.Transform(list, transform),
typed = Value.ReplaceType(modifiedValues, listType)
in
typed,
// Returns a table type for the provided schema table
Schema.ToTableType = (schema as table) as type =>
let
toList = List.Transform(schema[Type], (t) => [Type=t, Optional=false]),
toRecord = Record.FromList(toList, schema[Name]),
toType = Type.ForRecord(toRecord, false),
previousMeta = Value.Metadata(schema)
in
type table (toType) meta previousMeta,
// Returns a list of transformations that can be passed to Table.TransformColumns, or Record.TransformFields
// Format: {"Column", (f) => ...) .... ex: {"A", Number.From}
GetTransformsForType = (_type as type) as list =>
let
fieldsOrColumns = if (Type.Is(_type, type record)) then Type.RecordFields(_type)
else if (Type.Is(_type, type table)) then Type.RecordFields(Type.TableRow(_type))
else error "GetTransformsForType: record or table type expected",
toTable = Record.ToTable(fieldsOrColumns),
transformColumn = Table.AddColumn(toTable, "Transform", each GetTransformByType([Value][Type]), Function.Type),
transformMap = Table.ToRows(Table.SelectColumns(transformColumn, {"Name", "Transform"}))
in
transformMap,
GetTransformByType = (_type as type) as function =>
if (Type.Is(_type, type number)) then Number.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type text)) then Text.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type date)) then Date.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type datetime)) then DateTime.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type duration)) then Duration.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type datetimezone)) then DateTimeZone.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type logical)) then Logical.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type time)) then Time.From
else if (Type.Is(_type, type record)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @Record.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
else if (Type.Is(_type, type table)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @Table.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
else if (Type.Is(_type, type list)) then (t) => if (t <> null) then @List.ChangeType(t, _type) else t
else (t) => t
in
Table.ChangeType
Pripomienky
Pripravujeme: V priebehu roka 2024 postupne zrušíme službu Problémy v službe GitHub ako mechanizmus pripomienok týkajúcich sa obsahu a nahradíme ju novým systémom pripomienok. Ďalšie informácie nájdete na stránke: https://aka.ms/ContentUserFeedback.
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