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更改 SQL Server 身份验证用户密码 (OLE DB)

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适用于：SQL ServerAzure SQL 数据库Azure SQL 托管实例Azure Synapse AnalyticsAnalytics Platform System (PDW)

下载 OLE DB 驱动程序

此示例显示如何使用 OLE DB 更改 SQL Server 身份验证下的用户帐户密码。

重要

请尽可能使用 Windows 身份验证。 如果 Windows 身份验证不可用，请在运行时提示用户输入其凭据。 不要将凭据存储在一个文件中。 如果必须保存凭据，应当用 Win32 crypto API（Win32 加密 API）加密它们。

示例

在生成示例前，请更新 C++ 代码以指定用户 ID、旧密码和新密码。

此应用程序连接到您的计算机上默认的 SQL Server 实例。 在某些 Windows 操作系统上，您需要将 (localhost) 或 (local) 更改为您的 SQL Server 实例的名称。 若要连接到命名实例，请将连接字符串从 L"(local)" 更改为 L"(local)\\name"，其中 name 是命名实例。 默认情况下，SQL Server Express 安装在命名实例中。 请确保 INCLUDE 环境变量包括含有 msoledbsql.h 的目录。

使用 ole32.lib 和 oleaut32.lib 进行编译。

若要生成此示例，您将需要一个 SQL Server 身份验证用户帐户并了解帐户密码。 若要允许在 SQL Server 身份验证下登录，请打开 SQL Server Management Studio，在对象资源管理器中右键单击“服务器”节点，然后选择“属性”。 选择“安全性”并启用 SQL Server 和 Windows 身份验证模式。 若要在 SQL Server 身份验证下添加用户帐户，请在对象资源管理器中右键单击“安全性”节点，然后选择“添加”。

将用于运行此示例的服务器必须至少针对一个登录名启用了 SQL Server 身份验证。 此外，该服务器还必须能够允许使用 SQL Server 身份验证登录名。

// compile with: ole32.lib oleaut32.lib  
void InitializeAndEstablishConnection();  
  
#define STATUSDUMP(status)  case status : wprintf(L"status"); break;  
  
#define UNICODE  
#define DBINITCONSTANTS  
#define INITGUID  
  
#include <assert.h>  
#include <windows.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stddef.h>  
#include <IOSTREAM>  
#include <cguid.h>  
#include <oledb.h>  
#include <oledberr.h>  
  
#include <msoledbsql.h>  
  
LPMALLOC pMalloc = NULL;  
IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;  
HRESULT hr;  
  
void DumpErrorInfo (IUnknown* pObjectWithError, REFIID IID_InterfaceWithError);  
void DumpErrorInfo (IUnknown* pObjectWithError, REFIID IID_InterfaceWithError, BOOL &has_sql_errors);  
  
int main() {  
   // All the initialization activities in a separate function.  
   InitializeAndEstablishConnection();  
  
   if ( FAILED( pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize() ) )  
      // Uninitialize is not required, but fails if an interface was not released.  
      printf("Problem uninitializing.\n");  
  
   pIDBInitialize->Release();  
   CoUninitialize();  
};  
  
void InitializeAndEstablishConnection() {  
   IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;  
   const ULONG nInitProps = 4;  
   DBPROP InitProperties[nInitProps];  
   const ULONG nSSInitProps = 1;  
   DBPROP SSInitProperties[nSSInitProps];  
  
   const ULONG nPropSet = 2;  
   DBPROPSET rgInitPropSet[nPropSet];  
  
   // Initialize the COM library.  
   CoInitialize(NULL);  
   CoGetMalloc(1, &pMalloc);  
  
   CLSID clsid;  
   CLSIDFromProgID(L"MSOLEDBSQL", &clsid);  
  
   // Obtain access to the SQLOLEDB provider.  
   hr = CoCreateInstance( clsid, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IDBInitialize, (void **) &pIDBInitialize);  
   if (FAILED(hr))  
      printf("Failed in CoCreateInstance().\n");  
  
   // Initialize the property values needed to establish the connection.  
   for (int i = 0; i < nInitProps; i++)  
      VariantInit(&InitProperties[i].vValue);  
  
   // Specify database name.  
   InitProperties[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_CATALOG;  
   InitProperties[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   // Change the following line to use any database on your server  
   InitProperties[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"master");  
   InitProperties[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   InitProperties[0].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   InitProperties[1].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_AUTH_USERID;  
   InitProperties[1].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   // Modify the following line to add the user ID of a SQL Server Authentication account on your server  
   InitProperties[1].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"");  
   InitProperties[1].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   InitProperties[1].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   InitProperties[2].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_AUTH_PASSWORD;  
   InitProperties[2].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   // Modify the following line to add the new SQL Server Authentication password  
   InitProperties[2].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"");  
   InitProperties[2].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   InitProperties[2].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   InitProperties[3].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;  
   InitProperties[3].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   InitProperties[3].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"(local)");  
   InitProperties[3].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   InitProperties[3].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   SSInitProperties[0].dwPropertyID = SSPROP_AUTH_OLD_PASSWORD;  
   SSInitProperties[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   // Modify the following line to specify the existing SQL Server Authentication password  
   SSInitProperties[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"");  
   SSInitProperties[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   SSInitProperties[0].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   rgInitPropSet[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;  
   rgInitPropSet[0].cProperties = nInitProps;  
   rgInitPropSet[0].rgProperties = InitProperties;  
  
   rgInitPropSet[1].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SQLSERVERDBINIT;  
   rgInitPropSet[1].cProperties = nSSInitProps;  
   rgInitPropSet[1].rgProperties = SSInitProperties;  
  
   // Set initialization properties.  
   hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface( IID_IDBProperties, (void **)&pIDBProperties);  
  
   if (FAILED(hr))  
      printf("Failed to obtain IDBProperties interface.\n");  
  
   hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties( nPropSet, rgInitPropSet);  
  
   if (FAILED(hr))  
      printf("Failed to set initialization properties.\n");  
  
   pIDBProperties->Release();  
  
   // establish connection to the data source.  
   DWORD now = GetTickCount();  
  
   if ( FAILED(pIDBInitialize->Initialize()) ) {  
      printf("Problem in initializing.\n");  
      DumpErrorInfo(pIDBInitialize, IID_IDBInitialize);  
   }  
  
   DWORD tookms = GetTickCount() - now;  
   printf("Connection took %d ms.\n", tookms);  
}  
  
// DumpErrorInfo queries SQLOLEDB error interfaces, retrieving available status  
// or error information. This version is called when SQL Server errors are not expected.  
void DumpErrorInfo (IUnknown* pObjectWithError, REFIID IID_InterfaceWithError) {  
   BOOL has_sql_errors;  
   DumpErrorInfo (pObjectWithError, IID_InterfaceWithError, has_sql_errors);  
}  
  
// DumpErrorInfo queries SQLOLEDB error interfaces, retrieving available status   
// or error information. This version is called when an SQL Server error could occur.  
void DumpErrorInfo (IUnknown* pObjectWithError, REFIID IID_InterfaceWithError, BOOL &has_sql_errors ) {  
   // Interfaces used in the example.  
   IErrorInfo * pIErrorInfoAll = NULL;  
   IErrorInfo * pIErrorInfoRecord = NULL;  
   IErrorRecords * pIErrorRecords = NULL;  
   ISupportErrorInfo * pISupportErrorInfo = NULL;  
   ISQLErrorInfo * pISQLErrorInfo = NULL;  
   ISQLServerErrorInfo * pISQLServerErrorInfo = NULL;  
  
   // Number of error records.  
   ULONG nRecs;  
   ULONG nRec;  
  
   // Basic error information from GetBasicErrorInfo.  
   ERRORINFO errorinfo;  
  
   // IErrorInfo values.  
   BSTR bstrDescription;  
   BSTR bstrSource;  
  
   // ISQLErrorInfo parameters.  
   BSTR bstrSQLSTATE;  
   LONG lNativeError;  
  
   // ISQLServerErrorInfo parameter pointers.  
   SSERRORINFO * pSSErrorInfo = NULL;  
   OLECHAR * pSSErrorStrings = NULL;  
  
   // Hard-code an English (United States) locale for the example.  
   DWORD MYLOCALEID = 0x0409;  
  
   has_sql_errors = 0;  
  
   // Only ask for error information if the interface supports it.  
   if (FAILED(pObjectWithError->QueryInterface(IID_ISupportErrorInfo, (void**) &pISupportErrorInfo)))     
      wprintf(L"SupportErrorErrorInfo interface not supported\n");  
   else if (FAILED(pISupportErrorInfo->InterfaceSupportsErrorInfo(IID_InterfaceWithError)))     
      wprintf(L"InterfaceWithError interface not supported\n");  
  
   // Do not test the return of GetErrorInfo. It can succeed and return  
   // a NULL pointer in pIErrorInfoAll. Simply test the pointer.  
   GetErrorInfo(0, &pIErrorInfoAll);  
  
   // Test to see if it's a valid OLE DB IErrorInfo interface exposing a list of records.  
   if (pIErrorInfoAll != NULL)  {  
      if (SUCCEEDED(pIErrorInfoAll->QueryInterface(IID_IErrorRecords, (void**) &pIErrorRecords))) {  
         pIErrorRecords->GetRecordCount(&nRecs);  
  
         // Within each record, retrieve information from each of the defined interfaces.  
         for (nRec = 0; nRec < nRecs; nRec++) {  
            ULONG errorno = nRecs - nRec - 1;  
            // From IErrorRecords, get the HRESULT and a reference to the ISQLErrorInfo interface.  
            pIErrorRecords->GetBasicErrorInfo(errorno, &errorinfo);  
            pIErrorRecords->GetCustomErrorObject(errorno,IID_ISQLErrorInfo, (IUnknown**) &pISQLErrorInfo);  
  
            // Display the HRESULT, then use the ISQLErrorInfo.  
            wprintf(L"HRESULT:\t%#X\n", errorinfo.hrError);  
  
            if (pISQLErrorInfo != NULL) {  
               pISQLErrorInfo->GetSQLInfo(&bstrSQLSTATE, &lNativeError);  
               // Display SQLSTATE and native error values.  
               wprintf(L"SQLSTATE:\t%s\nNative Error:\t%ld\n", bstrSQLSTATE, lNativeError);  
  
               // SysFree BSTR references.  
               SysFreeString(bstrSQLSTATE);  
  
               // Get the ISQLServerErrorInfo interface from  
               // ISQLErrorInfo before releasing the reference.  
               pISQLErrorInfo->QueryInterface(IID_ISQLServerErrorInfo, (void**) &pISQLServerErrorInfo);  
  
               pISQLErrorInfo->Release();  
            }  
  
            // Test to ensure the reference is valid, then get error information from ISQLServerErrorInfo.  
            if (pISQLServerErrorInfo != NULL) {  
               pISQLServerErrorInfo->GetErrorInfo(&pSSErrorInfo, &pSSErrorStrings);  
  
               // ISQLServerErrorInfo::GetErrorInfo succeeds even when it  
               // has nothing to return. Test the pointers before using.  
               if (pSSErrorInfo) {  
                  // Display the state and severity from the returned  
                  // information. The error message comes from  
                  // IErrorInfo::GetDescription.  
                  wprintf(L"Error state:\t%d\nSeverity:\t%d\n", pSSErrorInfo->bState, pSSErrorInfo->bClass);  
                  wprintf(L"Procedure:\t%s\nLine:\t%d\n", pSSErrorInfo->pwszProcedure, pSSErrorInfo->wLineNumber);  
  
                  has_sql_errors++;  
  
                  // IMalloc::Free needed to release references on returned values.  
                  pMalloc->Free(pSSErrorStrings);  
                  pMalloc->Free(pSSErrorInfo);  
               }  
  
               pISQLServerErrorInfo->Release();  
            }  
  
            if (SUCCEEDED(pIErrorRecords->GetErrorInfo(errno, MYLOCALEID, &pIErrorInfoRecord))) {  
               // Get the source and description (error message) from the record's IErrorInfo.  
               pIErrorInfoRecord->GetSource(&bstrSource);  
               pIErrorInfoRecord->GetDescription(&bstrDescription);  
  
               if (bstrSource != NULL) {  
                  wprintf(L"Source:\t\t%s\n", bstrSource);  
                  SysFreeString(bstrSource);  
               }  
  
               if (bstrDescription != NULL) {  
                  wprintf(L"Error message:\t%s\n", bstrDescription);  
                  SysFreeString(bstrDescription);  
               }  
  
               pIErrorInfoRecord->Release();  
            }  
         }  
  
         pIErrorRecords->Release();  
      }  
      else {  
         // IErrorInfo is valid; get the source and  
         // description to see what it is.  
         pIErrorInfoAll->GetSource(&bstrSource);  
         pIErrorInfoAll->GetDescription(&bstrDescription);  
  
         if (bstrSource != NULL) {  
            wprintf(L"Source:\t\t%s\n", bstrSource);  
            SysFreeString(bstrSource);  
         }  
  
         if (bstrDescription != NULL) {  
            wprintf(L"Error message:\t%s\n", bstrDescription);  
            SysFreeString(bstrDescription);  
         }  
      }  
  
      pIErrorInfoAll->Release();  
   }  
   else  
      wprintf(L"GetErrorInfo failed.\n");  
  
   if (pISupportErrorInfo != NULL)  
      pISupportErrorInfo->Release();  
}