Azure 中的区域和可用性区域Regions and Availability Zones in Azure

• 08/27/2020
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Microsoft Azure 服务可在全球范围内实现云操作的最佳水平。Microsoft Azure services are available globally to drive your cloud operations at an optimal level. 你可以根据技术和监管注意事项选择最适合你的需求区域：服务功能、数据常驻、合规性要求和延迟。You can choose the best region for your needs based on technical and regulatory considerations: service capabilities, data residency, compliance requirements, and latency.

术语Terminology

为了更好地了解 Azure 中的区域和可用性区域，它有助于了解关键术语或概念。To better understand regions and Availability Zones in Azure, it helps to understand key terms or concepts.

区域Regions

区域是在延迟定义的外围中部署的一组数据中心，通过专用的区域低延迟网络进行连接。A region is a set of datacenters deployed within a latency-defined perimeter and connected through a dedicated regional low-latency network. Azure 可让你灵活地部署需要的应用程序，包括跨多个区域，以提供跨区域复原能力。Azure gives you the flexibility to deploy applications where you need to, including across multiple regions to deliver cross-region resiliency. 有关详细信息，请参阅 复原支柱概述。For more information, see Overview of the resiliency pillar.

可用性区域Availability Zones

可用性区域是一种高可用性产品，可保护应用程序和数据免受数据中心故障的影响。An Availability Zone is a high-availability offering that protects your applications and data from datacenter failures. 可用性区域是 Azure 区域中独特的物理位置。Availability Zones are unique physical locations within an Azure region. 每个区域由一个或多个数据中心组成，这些数据中心配置了独立电源、冷却和网络。Each zone is made up of one or more datacenters equipped with independent power, cooling, and networking. 为确保能够进行复原，所有已启用的地区中都必须至少有三个单独的区域。To ensure resiliency, there's a minimum of three separate zones in all enabled regions. 区域中可用性区域的物理隔离可以在发生数据中心故障的情况下保护应用程序和数据。The physical separation of Availability Zones within a region protects applications and data from datacenter failures. 区域冗余服务可跨可用性区域复制应用程序和数据，以防范单点故障。Zone-redundant services replicate your applications and data across Availability Zones to protect from single-points-of-failure. Azure 凭借可用性区域提供一流的 99.99% VM 运行时间 SLA。With Availability Zones, Azure offers industry best 99.99% VM uptime SLA. 完整 Azure SLA 说明了 Azure 作为整体的保证可用性。The full Azure SLA explains the guaranteed availability of Azure as a whole.

Azure 区域中的可用性区域是容错域和更新域的组合。An Availability Zone in an Azure region is a combination of a fault domain and an update domain. 例如，如果在 Azure 区域的三个区域中创建三个或更多 VM，则 VM 将有效分布在三个容错域和三个更新域中。For example, if you create three or more VMs across three zones in an Azure region, your VMs are effectively distributed across three fault domains and three update domains. Azure 平台可识别更新域中的此分发，以确保不会计划同时更新不同区域中的 Vm。The Azure platform recognizes this distribution across update domains to make sure that VMs in different zones are not scheduled to be updated at the same time.

通过将计算、存储、网络和数据资源共置在一个区域并将其复制到其他区域，在应用程序体系结构中内置高可用性。Build high-availability into your application architecture by co-locating your compute, storage, networking, and data resources within a zone and replicating in other zones. 支持可用性区域的 Azure 服务划分为两类：Azure services that support Availability Zones fall into two categories:

• 区域性服务 –将资源固定到特定区域的位置 (例如，虚拟机、托管磁盘、标准 IP 地址) 或Zonal services – where a resource is pinned to a specific zone (for example, virtual machines, managed disks, Standard IP addresses), or
• 区域冗余服务 –当 Azure 平台跨区域自动复制时 (例如，区域冗余存储、SQL Database) 。Zone-redundant services – when the Azure platform replicates automatically across zones (for example, zone-redundant storage, SQL Database).

若要在 Azure 上实现全面的业务连续性，可结合使用可用性区域和 Azure 区域对来构建应用程序体系结构。To achieve comprehensive business continuity on Azure, build your application architecture using the combination of Availability Zones with Azure region pairs. 可以使用 Azure 区域中的可用性区域以同步方式复制应用程序和数据以实现高可用性，并以异步方式跨 Azure 区域复制以实现灾难恢复保护。You can synchronously replicate your applications and data using Availability Zones within an Azure region for high-availability and asynchronously replicate across Azure regions for disaster recovery protection.

区域和服务类别Region and service categories

Azure 上跨区域提供 Azure 服务可用性的最佳方法是通过表达在建议区域和备用区域中提供的服务来对其进行说明。Azure's approach on availability of Azure services across regions is best described by expressing services made available in recommended regions and alternate regions.

• 推荐的区域 -一种提供范围最广的服务功能并设计为支持可用性区域现在或将来的服务的区域。Recommended region - A region that provides the broadest range of service capabilities and is designed to support Availability Zones now, or in the future. 根据 建议 在 Azure 门户中指定这些项。These are designated in the Azure portal as Recommended.
• 备用 (其他) 区域 -一个区域，该区域在一个推荐的区域也存在的数据派驻边界内扩展 Azure 占用空间。Alternate (other) region - A region that extends Azure's footprint within a data residency boundary where a recommended region also exists. 备用区域有助于优化延迟，并为灾难恢复需要提供另一个区域。Alternate regions help to optimize latency and provide a second region for disaster recovery needs. 它们不是为了支持可用性区域 (，不过 Azure 会定期评估这些区域，以确定它们是否应该成为推荐的区域) 。They are not designed to support Availability Zones (although Azure conducts regular assessment of these regions to determine if they should become recommended regions). 它们在 Azure 门户中指定为 " 其他"。These are designated in the Azure portal as Other.

比较区域类型Comparing region types

Azure 服务分为三个类别：基本、主流和专用服务。Azure services are grouped into three categories: foundational, mainstream, and specialized services. 将服务部署到任何给定区域的 Azure 一般策略主要由区域类型、服务类别和客户需求驱动：Azure's general policy on deploying services into any given region is primarily driven by region type, service categories, and customer demand:

• 基础 –当区域公开上市时，或在新的基础服务公开上市后的12个月内提供。Foundational – Available in all recommended and alternate regions when the region is generally available, or within 12 months of a new foundational service becoming generally available.
• 主流 –在区域/服务正式发布后12个月内的所有推荐区域提供;备用区域中的按需驱动 (许多已部署到) 的一大部分备用区域中。Mainstream – Available in all recommended regions within 12 months of the region/service general availability; demand-driven in alternate regions (many are already deployed into a large subset of alternate regions).
• 专门 面向行业的服务产品，通常由自定义/专用硬件集中或支持。Specialized – Targeted service offerings, often industry-focused or backed by customized/specialized hardware. 跨区域的需求驱动可用性 (许多都已部署到) 的建议区域的一小部分。Demand-driven availability across regions (many are already deployed into a large subset of recommended regions).

若要查看给定区域中部署了哪些服务，以及区域中服务的预览或公开服务的未来发展路线图，请参阅 按区域提供的产品。To see which services are deployed in a given region, as well as the future roadmap for preview or general availability of services in a region, see Products available by region.

如果某个服务产品在特定区域中不可用，你可以通过联系 Microsoft 销售代表来分享你的兴趣。If a service offering is not available in a specific region, you can share your interest by contacting your Microsoft sales representative.

按类别分类的服务Services by category

如前所述，Azure 将服务分为三个类别：基础、主流和专用化。As mentioned previously, Azure classifies services into three categories: foundational, mainstream, and specialized. 服务类别在正式发布时分配。Service categories are assigned at general availability. 通常，服务会将其生命周期作为专用服务启动，并按需求和利用率增加，从而提升为主流或基础。Often, services start their lifecycle as a specialized service and as demand and utilization increases may be promoted to mainstream or foundational. 下表列出了 "基本"、"主流" 或 "专用" 服务的类别。The following table lists the category for services as foundational, mainstream, or specialized. 应注意以下有关表的信息：You should note the following about the table:

• 某些服务不是区域。Some services are non-regional. 有关非区域性服务的信息和列表，请参阅 可用产品（按区域）。For information and a list of non-regional services, see Products available by region.
• 不会列出较旧的代虚拟机。Older generation virtual machines are not listed. 有关详细信息，请参阅 之前代虚拟机大小的文档。For more information, see documentation at Previous generations of virtual machine sizes.

服务复原Services resiliency

所有 Azure 管理服务都设计为可从区域级故障中复原。All Azure management services are architected to be resilient from region-level failures. 在故障范围内，区域中的一个或多个可用性区域故障与整个区域发生故障相比具有更小的故障半径。In the spectrum of failures, one or more Availability Zone failures within a region have a smaller failure radius compared to an entire region failure. Azure 可以从区域内或其他 Azure 区域内的管理服务的区域级故障中恢复。Azure can recover from a zone-level failure of management services within the region or from another Azure region. Azure 会在区域中一次执行关键维护，以防止任何影响在区域内的可用性区域部署的客户资源的故障。Azure performs critical maintenance one zone at a time within a region, to prevent any failures impacting customer resources deployed across Availability Zones within a region.

可用性区域中 Vm 的定价Pricing for VMs in Availability Zones

在可用性区域中部署虚拟机不会产生额外的费用。There is no additional cost for virtual machines deployed in an Availability Zone. 当两个或更多个 VM 部署在一个 Azure 区域中的两个或更多个可用性区域时，可获得 99.99% VM 运行时间 SLA。99.99% VM uptime SLA is offered when two or more VMs are deployed across two or more Availability Zones within an Azure region. 会产生可用性区域间 VM 到 VM 的数据传输费用。There will be additional inter-Availability Zone VM-to-VM data transfer charges. 有关详细信息，请查看带宽定价页。For more information, review the Bandwidth pricing page.

可用性区域入门Get started with Availability Zones

• 创建虚拟机Create a virtual machine
• 使用 PowerShell 添加托管磁盘Add a Managed Disk using PowerShell
• 创建区域冗余的虚拟机规模集Create a zone redundant virtual machine scale set
• 使用具有区域冗余前端的标准负载均衡器跨区域对 VM 进行负载均衡Load balance VMs across zones using a Standard Load Balancer with a zone-redundant frontend
• 使用具有区域性前端的标准负载均衡器在区域内对 VM 进行负载均衡Load balance VMs within a zone using a Standard Load Balancer with a zonal frontend
• 区域冗余存储Zone-redundant storage
• SQL 数据库常规用途层SQL Database general purpose tier
• 事件中心异地灾难恢复Event Hubs geo-disaster recovery
• 服务总线异地灾难恢复Service Bus geo-disaster recovery
• 创建区域冗余的虚拟网关Create a zone-redundant virtual network gateway
• 为 Azure Cosmos DB 添加区域冗余区域Add zone redundant region for Azure Cosmos DB
• 入门用于 Redis 的 Azure 缓存可用性区域Getting Started Azure Cache for Redis Availability Zones
• 创建 Azure Active Directory 域服务实例Create an Azure Active Directory Domain Services instance
• 使用可用性区域 (AKS) 群集创建 Azure Kubernetes 服务Create an Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) cluster that uses Availability Zones
• 启用 Azure 容器注册表中的区域冗余Enable zone redundancy in Azure Container Registry

后续步骤Next steps

• 支持在 Azure 中可用性区域的区域Regions that support Availability Zones in Azure
• 快速入门模板Quickstart templates