什么是 Azure 中的可用性区域？What are Availability Zones in Azure?

• 05/06/2019
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可用性区域是一个高可用性产品/服务，在数据中心发生故障时可以保护应用程序和数据。Availability Zones is a high-availability offering that protects your applications and data from datacenter failures. 可用性区域是 Azure 区域中独特的物理位置。Availability Zones are unique physical locations within an Azure region. 每个区域由一个或多个数据中心组成，这些数据中心配置了独立电源、冷却和网络。Each zone is made up of one or more datacenters equipped with independent power, cooling, and networking. 为确保能够进行复原，所有已启用的区域中必须至少有三个单独的区域。To ensure resiliency, there’s a minimum of three separate zones in all enabled regions. 区域中可用性区域的物理隔离可以在发生数据中心故障的情况下保护应用程序和数据。The physical separation of Availability Zones within a region protects applications and data from datacenter failures. 区域冗余服务可跨可用性区域复制应用程序和数据，以防范单点故障。Zone-redundant services replicate your applications and data across Availability Zones to protect from single-points-of-failure. Azure 凭借可用性区域提供一流的 99.99% VM 运行时间 SLA。With Availability Zones, Azure offers industry best 99.99% VM uptime SLA. 完整 Azure SLA 说明了 Azure 作为整体的保证可用性。The full Azure SLA explains the guaranteed availability of Azure as a whole.

Azure 区域中的可用性区域是容错域和更新域的组合。An Availability Zone in an Azure region is a combination of a fault domain and an update domain. 例如，如果在 Azure 区域的三个区域中创建三个或更多 VM，则 VM 将有效分布在三个容错域和三个更新域中。For example, if you create three or more VMs across three zones in an Azure region, your VMs are effectively distributed across three fault domains and three update domains. Azure 平台会识别更新域上的此分布，以确保不同区域中的 VM 不会同时更新。The Azure platform recognizes this distribution across update domains to make sure that VMs in different zones are not updated at the same time.

通过将计算、存储、网络和数据资源共置在一个区域并将其复制到其他区域，在应用程序体系结构中内置高可用性。Build high-availability into your application architecture by co-locating your compute, storage, networking, and data resources within a zone and replicating in other zones. 支持可用性区域的 Azure 服务划分为两类：Azure services that support Availability Zones fall into two categories:

• 区域服务 – 将资源（例如虚拟机、托管磁盘和 IP 地址）固定到特定的区域，或Zonal services – you pin the resource to a specific zone (for example, virtual machines, managed disks, IP addresses), or
• 区域冗余服务 – 平台自动跨区域复制（例如区域冗余存储和 SQL 数据库）。Zone-redundant services – platform replicates automatically across zones (for example, zone-redundant storage, SQL Database).

若要在 Azure 上实现全面的业务连续性，可结合使用可用性区域和 Azure 区域对来构建应用程序体系结构。To achieve comprehensive business continuity on Azure, build your application architecture using the combination of Availability Zones with Azure region pairs. 可以使用 Azure 区域中的可用性区域以同步方式复制应用程序和数据以实现高可用性，并以异步方式跨 Azure 区域复制以实现灾难恢复保护。You can synchronously replicate your applications and data using Availability Zones within an Azure region for high-availability and asynchronously replicate across Azure regions for disaster recovery protection.

按区域的服务支持Services support by region

Azure 服务和支持可用性区域的区域的组合是：The combinations of Azure services and regions that support Availability Zones are:

服务复原能力Services resiliency

所有 Azure 管理服务，旨在从免受区域级故障中复原。All Azure management services are architected to be resilient from region-level failures. 范围的故障，在区域中的一个或多个可用性区域故障具有较小故障半径相比整个区域的故障。In the spectrum of failures, one or more Availability Zone failures within a region have a smaller failure radius compared to an entire region failure. 从区域级故障的管理服务在区域中或从另一个 Azure 区域，azure 可以恢复。Azure can recover from a zone-level failure of management services within the region or from another Azure region. Azure 中的区域，以避免影响客户资源在区域内跨可用性区域部署任何失败一次执行关键维护一个区域。Azure performs critical maintenance one zone at a time within a region, to prevent any failures impacting customer resources deployed across Availability Zones within a region.

定价Pricing

在可用性区域中部署虚拟机不会产生额外的费用。There is no additional cost for virtual machines deployed in an Availability Zone. 当两个或更多个 VM 部署在一个 Azure 区域中的两个或更多个可用性区域时，可获得 99.99% VM 运行时间 SLA。99.99% VM uptime SLA is offered when two or more VMs are deployed across two or more Availability Zones within an Azure region. 会产生可用性区域间 VM 到 VM 的数据传输费用。There will be additional inter-Availability Zone VM-to-VM data transfer charges. 有关详细信息，请查看带宽定价页。For more information, review the Bandwidth pricing page.

可用性区域入门Get started with Availability Zones

• 创建虚拟机Create a virtual machine
• 使用 PowerShell 添加托管磁盘Add a Managed Disk using PowerShell
• 创建区域冗余的虚拟机规模集Create a zone redundant virtual machine scale set
• 使用具有区域冗余前端的标准负载均衡器跨区域对 VM 进行负载均衡Load balance VMs across zones using a Standard Load Balancer with a zone-redundant frontend
• 使用具有区域性前端的标准负载均衡器在区域内对 VM 进行负载均衡Load balance VMs within a zone using a Standard Load Balancer with a zonal frontend
• 区域冗余存储Zone-redundant storage
• SQL 数据库SQL Database
• 事件中心异地灾难恢复Event Hubs geo-disaster recovery
• 服务总线异地灾难恢复Service Bus geo-disaster recovery
• 创建区域冗余的虚拟网关Create a zone-redundant virtual network gateway

后续步骤Next steps

• 快速入门模板Quickstart templates