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通过 REST API 使用 Azure 数据保护备份存储帐户中的 blob

项目
06/01/2023

Azure 备份使你可以轻松地配置操作备份，以保护存储帐户中的块 blob。

本文介绍如何通过 REST API 配置存储帐户中的 blob 的备份。 Blob 的备份在存储帐户级别进行配置。因此，存储帐户中的所有 blob 都受操作备份保护。

本文介绍以下内容：

先决条件
配置备份

有关 Azure Blob 区域可用性、支持的方案和限制，请参阅支持矩阵。

先决条件

配置备份

创建保管库和策略后，需要考虑两个关键点来保护存储帐户中的所有 Azure Blob。

关键实体

包含用于保护的 blob 的存储帐户

提取含有要保护的 Blob 的存储帐户的 Azure 资源管理器 ID。用作存储帐户的标识符。

例如，我们将在不同的订阅中使用名为“msblobbackup”的存储帐户（资源组“RG-BlobBackup”下），且区域为“美国西部”。

"/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx/resourcegroups/RG-BlobBackup/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/msblobbackup"

备份保管库

备份保管库需要存储帐户的权限才能对存储帐户中的 Blob 启用备份。保管库的系统分配托管标识用于分配权限。

例如，我们将使用名为“testBkpVault”的备份保管库，它位于资源组“TestBkpVaultRG”下，区域为“美国西部”。

分配权限

需要通过 Azure 基于角色的访问控制 (Azure RBAC) 为保管库（由保管库托管服务标识表示）和相关存储帐户分配一些权限。可以通过 Azure 门户、PowerShell 或 REST API 执行此操作。详细了解所有相关权限。

准备配置备份的请求

为保管库和存储帐户设置相关权限并配置保管库和策略后，请准备配置备份的请求。

下面是为存储帐户内的所有 Blob 配置备份的请求正文。在“datasourceinfo”部分中提到了存储帐户的 Azure 资源管理器 ID (ARM ID) 及其详细信息，策略信息则出现在“policyinfo”部分中。

{
  "backupInstance": {
    "dataSourceInfo": {
      "datasourceType": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices",
      "objectType": "Datasource",
      "resourceID": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/RG-BlobBackup/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/msblobbackup",
      "resourceLocation": "westUS",
      "resourceName": "msblobbackup",
      "resourceType": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "resourceUri": ""
    },
    "policyInfo": {
      "policyId": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault/backupPolicies/BlobBackup-Policy"
    },
    "objectType": "BackupInstance"
  }
}

验证配置备份的请求

若要验证配置备份的请求是否能成功，请使用验证备份 API。可以参考响应来执行所有必需的先决条件，然后提交备份请求的配置。

“验证备份请求”是 *POST 操作，并且 URI 具有 {subscriptionId}、{vaultName} 和 {vaultresourceGroupName} 参数。

POST https://management.azure.com/Subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{vaultresourceGroupname}/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/{backupVaultName}/validateForBackup?api-version=2021-01-01

例如，这转换为：

POST https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault/validateForBackup?api-version=2021-01-01

你之前准备的请求正文将用于提供要保护的存储帐户的详细信息。

示例请求正文

{
  "backupInstance": {
    "dataSourceInfo": {
      "datasourceType": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices",
      "objectType": "Datasource",
      "resourceID": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/RG-BlobBackup/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/msblobbackup",
      "resourceLocation": "westUS",
      "resourceName": "msblobbackup",
      "resourceType": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "resourceUri": ""
    },
    "policyInfo": {
      "policyId": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault/backupPolicies/BlobBackup-Policy"
    },
    "objectType": "BackupInstance"
  }
}

验证备份请求的响应

验证备份请求是一个异步操作。这意味着，此操作会创建另一个需要单独跟踪的操作。

它将返回两个响应：创建另一个操作时为 202（已接受），该操作完成时为 200（正常）。

名称	Type	说明
202 已接受		该操作将异步完成
200 正常	OperationJobExtendedInfo	已接受
其他状态代码	CloudError	描述操作失败原因的错误响应

验证备份请求的响应示例

错误响应

如果给定的存储帐户已受到保护，则响应为 HTTP 400（错误请求），并清楚地指出给定存储帐户受备份保管库的保护以及详细信息。

HTTP/1.1 400 BadRequest
Content-Length: 999
Content-Type: application/json
Expires: -1
Pragma: no-cache
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
x-ms-request-id:
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
x-ms-ratelimit-remaining-subscription-writes: 1199
x-ms-correlation-request-id: f36eb67a-8932-42a8-8aba-c5ee2443aa2e
x-ms-routing-request-id: WESTUS:20210707T124745Z:bcd23af5-fa17-4cd0-9929-a55f141e33ce
Cache-Control: no-cache
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 12:47:45 GMT
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{
  "error": {
    "additionalInfo": [
      {
        "type": "UserFacingError",
        "info": {
          "message": "Datasource is already protected under the Backup vault /subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault.",
          "recommendedAction": [
            "Delete the backup instance msblobbackuptemp from the Backup vault /subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault to re-protect the datasource in any other vault."
          ],
          "details": null,
          "code": "UserErrorDppDatasourceAlreadyProtected",
          "target": "",
          "innerError": null,
          "isRetryable": false,
          "isUserError": false,
          "properties": {
            "ActivityId": "f36eb67a-8932-42a8-8aba-c5ee2443aa2e"
          }
        }
      }
    ],
    "code": "UserErrorDppDatasourceAlreadyProtected",
    "message": "Datasource is already protected under the Backup vault /subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault.",
    "target": null
  }
}

跟踪响应

如果数据源未受保护，API 将继续进一步验证并创建跟踪操作。

HTTP/1.1 202 Accepted
Content-Length: 0
Expires: -1
Pragma: no-cache
Retry-After: 10
Azure-AsyncOperation: https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzM2NDdhZDNjLTFiNGEtNDU4YS05MGJkLTQ4NThiYjRhMWFkYg==?api-version=2021-01-01
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
x-ms-request-id:
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
x-ms-ratelimit-remaining-subscription-writes: 1197
x-ms-correlation-request-id: 3e7cacb3-65cd-4b3c-8145-71fe90d57327
x-ms-routing-request-id: CENTRALUSEUAP:20210707T124850Z:105f2105-6db1-44bf-8a34-45972a8ba861
Cache-Control: no-cache
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 12:48:50 GMT
Location: https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationResults/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzM2NDdhZDNjLTFiNGEtNDU4YS05MGJkLTQ4NThiYjRhMWFkYg==?api-version=2021-01-01
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使用带有简单 GET 命令的“Azure-AsyncOperation”标头跟踪生成的操作。

GET https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzM2NDdhZDNjLTFiNGEtNDU4YS05MGJkLTQ4NThiYjRhMWFkYg==?api-version=2021-01-01

{
  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzM2NDdhZDNjLTFiNGEtNDU4YS05MGJkLTQ4NThiYjRhMWFkYg==",
  "name": "ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzM2NDdhZDNjLTFiNGEtNDU4YS05MGJkLTQ4NThiYjRhMWFkYg==",
  "status": "Inprogress",
  "startTime": "2021-07-07T12:48:50.3432229Z",
  "endTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00"
}

验证完成后，它会返回 200（正常），响应正文会列出需要满足的更多要求，例如权限。

GET https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzM2NDdhZDNjLTFiNGEtNDU4YS05MGJkLTQ4NThiYjRhMWFkYg==?api-version=2021-01-01

{
  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzM2NDdhZDNjLTFiNGEtNDU4YS05MGJkLTQ4NThiYjRhMWFkYg==",
  "name": "ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzM2NDdhZDNjLTFiNGEtNDU4YS05MGJkLTQ4NThiYjRhMWFkYg==",
  "status": "Failed",
  "error": {
    "additionalInfo": [
      {
        "type": "UserFacingError",
        "info": {
          "message": "Appropriate permissions to perform the operation is missing.",
          "recommendedAction": [
            "Grant appropriate permissions to perform this operation as mentioned at https://aka.ms/UserErrorMissingRequiredPermissions and retry the operation."
          ],
          "code": "UserErrorMissingRequiredPermissions",
          "target": "",
          "innerError": {
            "code": "UserErrorMissingRequiredPermissions",
            "additionalInfo": {
              "DetailedNonLocalisedMessage": "Validate for Protection failed. Exception Message: The client 'a8b24f84-f43c-45b3-aa54-e3f6d54d31a6' with object id 'a8b24f84-f43c-45b3-aa54-e3f6d54d31a6' does not have authorization to perform action 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/read' over scope '/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/RG-BlobBackup/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/msblobbackup/providers/Microsoft.Authorization' or the scope is invalid. If access was recently granted, please refresh your credentials."
            }
          },
          "isRetryable": false,
          "isUserError": false,
          "properties": {
            "ActivityId": "3e7cacb3-65cd-4b3c-8145-71fe90d57327"
          }
        }
      }
    ],
    "code": "UserErrorMissingRequiredPermissions",
    "message": "Appropriate permissions to perform the operation is missing."
  },
  "startTime": "2021-07-07T12:48:50.3432229Z",
  "endTime": "2021-07-07T12:49:22Z"
}

如果授予了所有权限，则重新提交验证请求并跟踪生成的操作。如果满足所有条件，则将返回 200（正常）表示成功。

GET https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzlhMjk2YWM2LWRjNDMtNGRjZS1iZTU2LTRkZDNiMDhjZDlkOA==?api-version=2021-01-01

{
  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzlhMjk2YWM2LWRjNDMtNGRjZS1iZTU2LTRkZDNiMDhjZDlkOA==",
  "name": "ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzlhMjk2YWM2LWRjNDMtNGRjZS1iZTU2LTRkZDNiMDhjZDlkOA==",
  "status": "Succeeded",
  "startTime": "2021-07-07T13:03:54.8627251Z",
  "endTime": "2021-07-07T13:04:06Z"
}

配置备份请求

请求验证完成后，可以将相同内容提交到创建备份实例 API。备份实例表示一个项，该项受备份保管库中 Azure 备份的数据保护服务保护。在这种情况下，存储帐户是备份实例，可以使用前面经过验证的同一请求正文，只需添加一点内容。

针对备份实例使用唯一名称。因此，建议组合使用资源名称和唯一标识符。在此示例中，使用“msblobbackup-f2df34eb-5628-4570-87b2-0331d797c67d”，并将该示例标记为备份实例名称。

若要创建或更新备份实例，请使用以下 PUT 操作。

PUT https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroupName}/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/{BkpvaultName}/backupInstances/{UniqueBackupInstanceName}?api-version=2021-01-01

例如，这转换为

 PUT https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault/backupInstances/msblobbackup-f2df34eb-5628-4570-87b2-0331d797c67d?api-version=2021-01-01

创建配置备份的请求

要创建备份实例，下面是请求正文的组成部分

名称	Type	说明
properties	BackupInstance	BackupInstanceResource 属性

配置备份请求示例

使用用于验证备份请求的请求正文，并采用唯一名称，如上所述。

{
  "name": "msblobbackup-f2df34eb-5628-4570-87b2-0331d797c67d",
  "type": "Microsoft.DataProtection/backupvaults/backupInstances",
  "properties": {
    "objectType": "BackupInstance",
    "datasourceinfo": {
      "datasourceType": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices",
      "objectType": "Datasource",
      "resourceID": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/RG-BlobBackup/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/msblobbackup",
      "resourceLocation": "westus",
      "resourceName": "msblobbackup",
      "resourceType": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "resourceUri": ""
    },
    "policyInfo": {
      "policyId": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault/backupPolicies/BlobBackup-Policy"
    }
  }
}

配置备份请求的响应

创建备份实例请求是一个异步操作。这意味着，此操作会创建另一个需要单独跟踪的操作。

它返回两种响应：创建备份实例并配置保护时返回 201（已创建），配置完成时返回 200（正常）。

名称	Type	说明
201 Created	备份实例	创建备份实例并配置保护
200 正常	备份实例	已配置保护
其他状态代码	CloudError	描述操作失败原因的错误响应

配置备份请求的响应示例

提交 PUT 请求以创建备份实例后，初始响应是带有 Azure-asyncOperation 标头的 201（已创建）。

注意

请求正文包含所有备份实例属性。

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Content-Length: 1149
Content-Type: application/json
Expires: -1
Pragma: no-cache
Retry-After: 15
Azure-AsyncOperation: https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzI1NWUwNmFlLTI5MjUtNDBkNy1iMjMxLTM0ZWZlMDA3NjdkYQ==?api-version=2021-01-01
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
x-ms-request-id:
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
x-ms-ratelimit-remaining-subscription-writes: 1199
x-ms-correlation-request-id: 5d9ccf1b-7ac1-456d-8ae3-36c93c0d2427
x-ms-routing-request-id: CENTRALUSEUAP:20210707T170219Z:9e897266-5d86-4d13-b298-6561c60cf043
Cache-Control: no-cache
Date: Wed, 07 Jul 2021 17:02:18 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
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{
  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault/backupInstances/msblobbackup-f2df34eb-5628-4570-87b2-0331d797c67d",
  "name": "msblobbackup-f2df34eb-5628-4570-87b2-0331d797c67d",
  "type": "Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/backupInstances",
  "properties": {
    "friendlyName": "msblobbackup",
    "dataSourceInfo": {
      "resourceID": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/RG-BlobBackup/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/msblobbackup",
      "resourceUri": "",
      "datasourceType": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices",
      "resourceName": "msblobbackup",
      "resourceType": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
      "resourceLocation": "westus",
      "objectType": "Datasource"
    },
    "policyInfo": {
      "policyId": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault/backupPolicies/BlobBackup-Policy"
    },
    "protectionStatus": {
      "status": "ConfiguringProtection"
    },
    "currentProtectionState": "ConfiguringProtection",
    "provisioningState": "Provisioning",
    "objectType": "BackupInstance"
  }
}

然后通过简单的 GET 命令使用“Azure-AsyncOperation”标头跟踪生成的操作。

GET https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzI1NWUwNmFlLTI5MjUtNDBkNy1iMjMxLTM0ZWZlMDA3NjdkYQ==?api-version=2021-01-01

操作完成后，它将在响应正文中返回 200（正常）和成功消息。

{
  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/locations/westus/operationStatus/ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzI1NWUwNmFlLTI5MjUtNDBkNy1iMjMxLTM0ZWZlMDA3NjdkYQ==",
  "name": "ZmMzNDFmYWMtZWJlMS00NGJhLWE4YTgtMDNjYjI4Y2M5OTExOzI1NWUwNmFlLTI5MjUtNDBkNy1iMjMxLTM0ZWZlMDA3NjdkYQ==",
  "status": "Succeeded",
  "startTime": "2021-07-07T17:02:19.0611871Z",
  "endTime": "2021-07-07T17:02:20Z"
}

重要

为 Blob 备份配置存储帐户后，一些功能会受到影响，例如更改源和删除锁。了解详细信息。

停止保护并删除数据

若要取消对存储帐户的保护并删除备份数据，请执行删除操作过程。

停止保护和删除数据是一种 DELETE 操作。

DELETE https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroupName}/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/{vaultName}/backupInstances/{backupInstanceName}?api-version=2021-01-01

对于我们的示例，这已转换为：

DELETE "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/TestBkpVaultRG/providers/Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/testBkpVault/backupInstances/msblobbackup-f2df34eb-5628-4570-87b2-0331d797c67d?api-version=2021-01-01"

针对删除保护的响应

DELETE 操作是一种异步操作。这意味着，此操作会创建另一个需要单独跟踪的操作。