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快速入门:创建具有多个公共 IP 地址的 Azure 防火墙 - Terraform

在本快速入门中,你将使用 Terraform 部署具有来自公共 IP 地址前缀的多个公共 IP 地址的 Azure 防火墙。 部署的防火墙具有 NAT 规则收集规则,这些规则允许通过 RDP 连接与两个 Windows Server 2019 虚拟机进行连接。

使用 Terraform 可以定义、预览和部署云基础结构。 使用 Terraform 时,请使用 HCL 语法来创建配置文件。 利用 HCL 语法,可指定 Azure 这样的云提供程序和构成云基础结构的元素。 创建配置文件后,请创建一个执行计划,利用该计划,可在部署基础结构更改之前先预览这些更改。 验证了更改后,请应用该执行计划以部署基础结构。

若要详细了解具有多个公共 IP 地址的 Azure 防火墙,请参阅使用 Azure PowerShell 部署具有多个公共 IP 地址的 Azure 防火墙

在本文中,学习如何:

先决条件

实现 Terraform 代码

注意

本文中的示例代码位于 Azure Terraform GitHub 存储库中。 你可以查看包含当前和以前 Terraform 版本的测试结果的日志文件。

有关更多示例,请参阅演示如何使用 Terraform 管理 Azure 资源的文章和示例代码

  1. 创建用于测试和运行示例 Terraform 代码的目录,并将其设为当前目录。

  2. 创建名为 providers.tf 的文件并插入下列代码:

    terraform {
      required_providers {
        azurerm = {
          source  = "hashicorp/azurerm"
          version = "~>3.0"
        }
        random = {
          source  = "hashicorp/random"
          version = "~>3.0"
        }
      }
    }
    
    provider "azurerm" {
      features {
        virtual_machine {
          delete_os_disk_on_deletion     = true
          skip_shutdown_and_force_delete = true
        }
      }
    }
    
  3. 创建名为 main.tf 的文件并插入下列代码:

    resource "random_pet" "rg_name" {
      prefix = var.resource_group_name_prefix
    }
    
    resource "random_password" "password" {
      count       = 2
      length      = 20
      min_lower   = 1
      min_upper   = 1
      min_numeric = 1
      min_special = 1
      special     = true
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_resource_group" "rg" {
      name     = random_pet.rg_name.id
      location = var.resource_group_location
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_public_ip_prefix" "pip_prefix" {
      name                = "pip-prefix"
      location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      sku                 = "Standard"
      prefix_length       = 31
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_public_ip" "pip_azfw" {
      name                = "pip-azfw"
      location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      sku                 = "Standard"
      allocation_method   = "Static"
      public_ip_prefix_id = azurerm_public_ip_prefix.pip_prefix.id
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_public_ip" "pip_azfw_2" {
      name                = "pip-azfw-1"
      location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      sku                 = "Standard"
      allocation_method   = "Static"
      public_ip_prefix_id = azurerm_public_ip_prefix.pip_prefix.id
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "azfw_vnet" {
      name                = "azfw-vnet"
      location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      address_space       = ["10.10.0.0/16"]
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_subnet" "azfw_subnet" {
      name                 = "AzureFirewallSubnet"
      resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.azfw_vnet.name
      address_prefixes     = ["10.10.0.0/26"]
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_subnet" "backend_subnet" {
      name                 = "subnet-backend"
      resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.azfw_vnet.name
      address_prefixes     = ["10.10.1.0/24"]
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_network_interface" "backend_nic" {
      count               = 2
      name                = "nic-backend-${count.index + 1}"
      location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
    
      ip_configuration {
        name                          = "ipconfig-backend-${count.index + 1}"
        subnet_id                     = azurerm_subnet.backend_subnet.id
        private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
      }
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_network_security_group" "backend_nsg" {
      name                = "nsg-backend"
      location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      security_rule {
        name                       = "RDP"
        priority                   = 300
        direction                  = "Inbound"
        access                     = "Allow"
        protocol                   = "Tcp"
        source_port_range          = "*"
        destination_port_range     = "3389"
        source_address_prefix      = "*"
        destination_address_prefix = "*"
      }
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_network_interface_security_group_association" "vm_backend_nsg_association" {
      count                     = 2
      network_interface_id      = azurerm_network_interface.backend_nic[count.index].id
      network_security_group_id = azurerm_network_security_group.backend_nsg.id
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_windows_virtual_machine" "vm_backend" {
      count                 = 2
      name                  = "vm-backend-${count.index + 1}"
      resource_group_name   = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      location              = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      size                  = var.virtual_machine_size
      admin_username        = var.admin_username
      admin_password        = random_password.password[count.index].result
      network_interface_ids = [azurerm_network_interface.backend_nic[count.index].id]
      os_disk {
        caching              = "ReadWrite"
        storage_account_type = "Standard_LRS"
      }
      source_image_reference {
        publisher = "MicrosoftWindowsServer"
        offer     = "WindowsServer"
        sku       = "2019-Datacenter"
        version   = "latest"
      }
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_firewall_policy" "azfw_policy" {
      name                     = "azfw-policy"
      resource_group_name      = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      location                 = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      sku                      = var.firewall_sku_tier
      threat_intelligence_mode = "Alert"
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_firewall_policy_rule_collection_group" "policy_rule_collection_group" {
      name               = "RuleCollectionGroup"
      firewall_policy_id = azurerm_firewall_policy.azfw_policy.id
      priority           = 300
      application_rule_collection {
        name     = "web"
        priority = 100
        action   = "Allow"
        rule {
          name = "wan-address"
          protocols {
            type = "Http"
            port = 80
          }
          protocols {
            type = "Https"
            port = 443
          }
          destination_fqdns = ["getmywanip.com"]
          source_addresses  = ["*"]
        }
        rule {
          name = "google"
          protocols {
            type = "Http"
            port = 80
          }
          protocols {
            type = "Https"
            port = 443
          }
          destination_fqdns = ["www.google.com"]
          source_addresses  = ["10.10.1.0/24"]
        }
        rule {
          name = "wupdate"
          protocols {
            type = "Http"
            port = 80
          }
          protocols {
            type = "Https"
            port = 443
          }
          destination_fqdn_tags = ["WindowsUpdate"]
          source_addresses      = ["*"]
        }
      }
      nat_rule_collection {
        name     = "Coll-01"
        action   = "Dnat"
        priority = 200
        rule {
          name                = "rdp-01"
          protocols           = ["TCP"]
          translated_address  = "10.10.1.4"
          translated_port     = "3389"
          source_addresses    = ["*"]
          destination_address = azurerm_public_ip.pip_azfw.ip_address
          destination_ports   = ["3389"]
        }
        rule {
          name                = "rdp-02"
          protocols           = ["TCP"]
          translated_address  = "10.10.1.5"
          translated_port     = "3389"
          source_addresses    = ["*"]
          destination_address = azurerm_public_ip.pip_azfw.ip_address
          destination_ports   = ["3389"]
        }
      }
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_firewall" "fw" {
      name                = "azfw"
      location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      sku_name            = "AZFW_VNet"
      sku_tier            = var.firewall_sku_tier
      ip_configuration {
        name                 = "azfw-ipconfig"
        subnet_id            = azurerm_subnet.azfw_subnet.id
        public_ip_address_id = azurerm_public_ip.pip_azfw.id
      }
      ip_configuration {
        name                 = "azfw-ipconfig-2"
        public_ip_address_id = azurerm_public_ip.pip_azfw_2.id
      }
      firewall_policy_id = azurerm_firewall_policy.azfw_policy.id
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_route_table" "rt" {
      name                          = "rt-azfw-eus"
      location                      = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      resource_group_name           = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      disable_bgp_route_propagation = false
      route {
        name                   = "azfw"
        address_prefix         = "0.0.0.0/0"
        next_hop_type          = "VirtualAppliance"
        next_hop_in_ip_address = "10.10.0.4"
      }
    }
    
    resource "azurerm_subnet_route_table_association" "jump_subnet_rt_association" {
      subnet_id      = azurerm_subnet.backend_subnet.id
      route_table_id = azurerm_route_table.rt.id
    }
    
  4. 创建名为 variables.tf 的文件并插入下列代码:

    variable "resource_group_location" {
      type        = string
      description = "Location for all resources."
      default     = "eastus"
    }
    
    variable "resource_group_name_prefix" {
      type        = string
      description = "Prefix for the Resource Group Name that's combined with a random id so name is unique in your Azure subcription."
      default     = "rg"
    }
    
    variable "firewall_sku_tier" {
      type        = string
      description = "Firewall SKU."
      default     = "Premium" # Valid values are Standard and Premium
      validation {
        condition     = contains(["Standard", "Premium"], var.firewall_sku_tier)
        error_message = "The SKU must be one of the following: Standard, Premium"
      }
    }
    
    variable "virtual_machine_size" {
      type        = string
      description = "Size of the virtual machine."
      default     = "Standard_D2_v3"
    }
    
    variable "admin_username" {
      type        = string
      description = "Value of the admin username."
      default     = "azureuser"
    }
    
  5. 创建名为 outputs.tf 的文件并插入下列代码:

    output "resource_group_name" {
      value = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
    }
    output "backend_admin_password" {
      sensitive = true
      value     = azurerm_windows_virtual_machine.vm_backend[*].admin_password
    }
    

初始化 Terraform

运行 terraform init,将 Terraform 部署进行初始化。 此命令将下载管理 Azure 资源所需的 Azure 提供程序。

terraform init -upgrade

要点:

  • 参数 -upgrade 可将必要的提供程序插件升级到符合配置版本约束的最新版本。

创建 Terraform 执行计划

运行 terraform plan 以创建执行计划。

terraform plan -out main.tfplan

要点:

  • terraform plan 命令将创建一个执行计划,但不会执行它。 它会确定创建配置文件中指定的配置需要执行哪些操作。 此模式允许你在对实际资源进行任何更改之前验证执行计划是否符合预期。
  • 使用可选 -out 参数可以为计划指定输出文件。 使用 -out 参数可以确保所查看的计划与所应用的计划完全一致。

应用 Terraform 执行计划

运行 terraform apply,将执行计划应用到云基础结构。

terraform apply main.tfplan

要点:

  • 示例 terraform apply 命令假设你先前运行了 terraform plan -out main.tfplan
  • 如果为 -out 参数指定了不同的文件名,请在对 terraform apply 的调用中使用该相同文件名。
  • 如果未使用 -out 参数,请调用不带任何参数的 terraform apply

验证结果

  1. 获取 Azure 资源组名称。

    resource_group_name=$(terraform output -raw resource_group_name)
    
  2. 运行 az network ip-group list 以显示两个新的 IP 组。

    az network ip-group list --resource-group $resource_group_name
    

清理资源

不再需要通过 Terraform 创建的资源时,请执行以下步骤:

  1. 运行 terraform plan 并指定 destroy 标志。

    terraform plan -destroy -out main.destroy.tfplan
    

    要点:

    • terraform plan 命令将创建一个执行计划,但不会执行它。 它会确定创建配置文件中指定的配置需要执行哪些操作。 此模式允许你在对实际资源进行任何更改之前验证执行计划是否符合预期。
    • 使用可选 -out 参数可以为计划指定输出文件。 使用 -out 参数可以确保所查看的计划与所应用的计划完全一致。
  2. 运行 terraform apply 以应用执行计划。

    terraform apply main.destroy.tfplan
    

Azure 上的 Terraform 故障排除

排查在 Azure 上使用 Terraform 时遇到的常见问题

后续步骤