声明摘要

declaration:
 declaration-specifiersattribute-seq_opt¹init-declarator-list_opt;
 static_assert-declaration

declaration-specifiers:
 storage-class-specifierdeclaration-specifiers_opt
 type-specifierdeclaration-specifiers_opt
 type-qualifierdeclaration-specifiers_opt
 function-specifierdeclaration-specifiers_opt
 alignment-specifierdeclaration-specifiers_opt

attribute-seq¹：
 attribute¹attribute-seq_opt¹

attribute^1、2：以下项之一
 __asm __based __cdecl __clrcall __fastcall __inline __stdcall __thiscall __vectorcall

init-declarator-list:
 init-declarator
 init-declarator-list , init-declarator

init-declarator:
 declarator
 declarator = initializer

storage-class-specifier:
 auto
 extern
 register
 static
 _Thread_local
 typedef
 __declspec(extended-decl-modifier-seq)¹

extended-decl-modifier-seq¹：
 extended-decl-modifier_opt
 extended-decl-modifier-seq extended-decl-modifier

extended-decl-modifier¹：
 thread
 naked
 dllimport
 dllexport

type-specifier:
 void
 char
 short
 int
 __int8¹
 __int16¹
 __int32¹
 __int64¹
 long
 float
 double
 signed
 unsigned
 _Bool
 _Complex
 atomic-type-specifier
 struct-or-union-specifier
 enum-specifier
 typedef-name

struct-or-union-specifier:
 struct-or-unionidentifier_opt{struct-declaration-list}
 struct-or-union identifier

struct-or-union:
 struct
 union

struct-declaration-list:
 struct-declaration
 struct-declaration-list struct-declaration

struct-declaration:
 specifier-qualifier-liststruct-declarator-list_opt;
 static_assert-declaration

specifier-qualifier-list:
 type-specifierspecifier-qualifier-list_opt
 type-qualifierspecifier-qualifier-list_opt
 alignment-specifierspecifier-qualifier-list_opt

struct-declarator-list:
 struct-declarator
 struct-declarator-list , struct-declarator

struct-declarator:
 declarator
 declarator_opt:constant-expression

enum-specifier:
 enumidentifier_opt{enumerator-list}
 enumidentifier_opt{enumerator-list,}
 enum identifier

enumerator-list:
 enumerator
 enumerator-list , enumerator

enumerator:
 enumeration-constant
 enumeration-constant = constant-expression

atomic-type-specifier:
 _Atomic ( type-name )

type-qualifier:
 const
 restrict
 volatile
 _Atomic

function-specifier:
 inline
 _Noreturn

alignment-specifier:
 _Alignas ( type-name )
 _Alignas ( constant-expression )

declarator:
 pointer_optdirect-declarator

direct-declarator:
 identifier
 ( declarator )
 direct-declarator[type-qualifier-list_optassignment-expression_opt]
 direct-declarator[statictype-qualifier-list_optassignment-expression]
 direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list static assignment-expression ]
 direct-declarator[type-qualifier-list_opt*]
 direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list )
 direct-declarator(identifier-list_opt)³

pointer:
 *type-qualifier-list_opt
 *type-qualifier-list_optpointer

type-qualifier-list:
 type-qualifier
 type-qualifier-list type-qualifier

parameter-type-list:
 parameter-list
 parameter-list , ...

parameter-list:
 parameter-declaration
 parameter-list , parameter-declaration

parameter-declaration:
 declaration-specifiers declarator
 declaration-specifiersabstract-declarator_opt

identifier-list：/* 用于旧式声明符 */
 identifier
 identifier-list , identifier

type-name:
 specifier-qualifier-listabstract-declarator_opt

abstract-declarator:
 pointer
 pointer_optdirect-abstract-declarator

direct-abstract-declarator:
 ( abstract-declarator )
 direct-abstract-declarator[type-qualifier-list_optassignment-expression_opt]
 direct-abstract-declarator[statictype-qualifier-list_optassignment-expression]
 direct-abstract-declarator [ type-qualifier-list static assignment-expression ]
 direct-abstract-declarator[type-qualifier-list_opt*]
 direct-abstract-declarator_opt(parameter-type-list_opt)

typedef-name:
 identifier

initializer:
 assignment-expression
 { initializer-list }
 { initializer-list , }

initializer-list:
 designation_optinitializer
 initializer-list,designation_optinitializer

designation:
 designator-list =

designator-list:
 designator
 designator-list designator

designator:
 [ constant-expression ]
 . identifier

static_assert-declaration:
 _Static_assert ( constant-expression , string-literal ) ;

¹ 此语法元素是 Microsoft 专用的。
² 有关这些元素的详细信息，请参阅 __asm、__clrcall、__stdcall、__based、__fastcall、__thiscall、__cdecl、__inline 和 __vectorcall。
³ 此样式已过时。

另请参阅

调用约定
短语结构语法
已过时调用约定