如何：审核 Windows Communication Foundation 安全事件

项目
05/10/2023

Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 允许你将安全事件记录到 Windows 事件日志中，可以使用 Windows 事件查看器来查看该事件日志。本主题说明如何设置应用程序以使其记录安全事件。有关 WCF 审核的详细信息，请参阅审核。

通过代码审核安全事件

指定审核日志位置。为此，请将 AuditLogLocation 类的 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior 属性设置为 AuditLogLocation 枚举值之一，如下面的代码中所示。
```
// Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit =
    new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
newAudit.AuditLogLocation =
    AuditLogLocation.Application;
```
```
' Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
Dim newAudit As New ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior()
newAudit.AuditLogLocation = AuditLogLocation.Application
```
AuditLogLocation 枚举具有三个值：Application、Security 或 Default。该值指定在事件查看器中可见的日志之一：安全日志或应用程序日志。如果您使用 Default 值，则实际的日志将取决于运行应用程序的操作系统。如果启用审核，但未指定日志位置，则对于支持写入安全日志的平台，默认值为 Security 日志；对于其他平台，则写入 Application 日志。默认情况下，仅 Windows Server 2003 和 Windows Vista 支持写入安全日志。

设置要审核的事件的类型。您可以同时审核服务级事件或消息级授权事件。为此，请将 ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel 属性或 MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel 属性设置为 AuditLevel 枚举值之一，如下面的代码所示。

// Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit =
    new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
newAudit.AuditLogLocation =
    AuditLogLocation.Application;
newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel =
    AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel =
    AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;

newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel = _
    AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel = _
    AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure

指定是向应用程序隐匿还是公开日志审核失败事件。将 SuppressAuditFailure 属性设置为 true 或 false，如下面的代码所示。

// Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit =
    new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
newAudit.AuditLogLocation =
    AuditLogLocation.Application;
newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel =
    AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel =
    AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = false;

newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = False

默认 SuppressAuditFailure 属性为 true，因此审核失败不会影响应用程序。否则会引发异常。对于任何成功的审核，都将写入详细跟踪。对于任何失败的审核，都将在错误级别写入跟踪。

从在 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior 的说明中找到的行为集合中移除现有 ServiceHost。该行为集合通过 Behaviors 属性来访问，而该属性又通过 Description 属性来访问。然后，向同一集合中添加新的 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior，如下面的代码所示。

// Remove the old behavior and add the new.
serviceHost.Description.
    Behaviors.Remove<ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior>();
serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit);

' Remove the old behavior and add the new.
serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Remove(Of ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior)
serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit)

通过配置方式设置审核

要通过配置方式设置审核，请向 web.config 文件的 <behaviors> 部分添加 <behavior> 元素。然后，添加一个 <serviceSecurityAudit> 元素，并设置各个属性，如下面的示例所示。

<behaviors>  
   <behavior name="myAuditBehavior">  
      <serviceSecurityAudit auditLogLocation="Application"  
            suppressAuditFailure="false"
            serviceAuthorizationAuditLevel="None"
            messageAuthenticationAuditLevel="SuccessOrFailure" />  
      </behavior>  
</behaviors>

您必须为服务指定行为，如下面的示例所示。

<services>  
    <service type="WCS.Samples.Service.Echo"
    behaviorConfiguration=" myAuditBehavior">  
       <endpoint address=""  
                binding="wsHttpBinding"  
                bindingConfiguration="CertificateDefault"
                contract="WCS.Samples.Service.IEcho" />  
    </service>  
</services>

示例

下面的代码创建 ServiceHost 类的一个实例，然后向其行为集合添加一个新的 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior。

public static void Main()
{
    // Get base address from appsettings in configuration.
    Uri baseAddress = new Uri(ConfigurationManager.
        AppSettings["baseAddress"]);

    // Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type
    // and provide the base address.
    using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new
        ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress))
    {
        // Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
        ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit =
            new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
        newAudit.AuditLogLocation =
            AuditLogLocation.Application;
        newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel =
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
        newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel =
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
        newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = false;
        // Remove the old behavior and add the new.
        serviceHost.Description.
            Behaviors.Remove<ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior>();
        serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit);
        // Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners
        // and start listening for messages.
        serviceHost.Open();

        // The service can now be accessed.
        Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
        Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.ReadLine();

        // Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
        serviceHost.Close();
    }
}

Public Shared Sub Main()
    ' Get base address from appsettings in configuration.
    Dim baseAddress As New Uri(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("baseAddress"))

    ' Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type 
    ' and provide the base address.
    Dim serviceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(CalculatorService), baseAddress)
    Try
        ' Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
        Dim newAudit As New ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior()
        newAudit.AuditLogLocation = AuditLogLocation.Application
        newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel = _
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
        newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel = _
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
        newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = False
        ' Remove the old behavior and add the new.
        serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Remove(Of ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior)
        serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit)
        ' Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners 
        ' and start listening for messages.
        serviceHost.Open()

        ' The service can now be accessed.
        Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.")
        Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.")
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.ReadLine()

        ' Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
        serviceHost.Close()
    Finally
    End Try

End Sub

.NET Framework 安全性

将 SuppressAuditFailure 属性设置为 true，就会隐匿任何生成安全审核失败（如果设置为 false，则会引发异常）。不过，如果启用下列 Windows“本地安全设置”属性，则生成审核事件失败会导致 Windows 立即关闭：

审核：如果无法记录安全审核则立即关闭系统

要设置此属性，请打开“本地安全设置”对话框。在“安全设置”下，单击“本地策略”。然后，单击“安全选项”。

如果将 AuditLogLocation 属性设置为 Security，而“本地安全策略”中并没有设置“审核对象访问”，则不会将审核事件写入安全日志。请注意，虽然不返回任何失败记录，但审核项不会写入安全日志。

如何：审核 Windows Communication Foundation 安全事件

通过代码审核安全事件

通过配置方式设置审核

示例

.NET Framework 安全性

请参阅

其他资源