System.Boolean 结构

项目
01/11/2024

本文提供了此 API 参考文档的补充说明。

Boolean实例可以有两个值之一：true或 false。

该 Boolean 结构提供支持以下任务的方法：

将布尔值转换为字符串： ToString
分析字符串以将它们转换为布尔值： Parse TryParse
比较值： CompareTo Equals

本文介绍这些任务和其他使用情况详细信息。

设置布尔值的格式

值的字符串表示形式Boolean为“True”true或值为“False”。false 值的字符串表示形式 Boolean 由只读 TrueString 字段定义 FalseString 。

使用此方法将 ToString 布尔值转换为字符串。布尔结构包括两 ToString 个重载：无 ToString() 参数方法和 ToString(IFormatProvider) 方法，其中包括控制格式设置的参数。但是，由于忽略此参数，这两个重载会生成相同的字符串。该方法 ToString(IFormatProvider) 不支持区分区域性的格式。

下面的示例演示了使用 ToString 该方法的格式设置。请注意，C# 和 VB 示例使用复合格式设置功能，而 F# 示例使用字符串内插。在这两种情况下，都 ToString 隐式调用该方法。

using System;

public class Example10
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      bool raining = false;
      bool busLate = true;

      Console.WriteLine("It is raining: {0}", raining);
      Console.WriteLine("The bus is late: {0}", busLate);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       It is raining: False
//       The bus is late: True

let raining = false
let busLate = true

printfn $"It is raining: {raining}"
printfn $"The bus is late: {busLate}"

// The example displays the following output:
//       It is raining: False
//       The bus is late: True

Module Example9
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim raining As Boolean = False
        Dim busLate As Boolean = True

        Console.WriteLine("It is raining: {0}", raining)
        Console.WriteLine("The bus is late: {0}", busLate)
    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       It is raining: False
'       The bus is late: True

Boolean由于结构只能有两个值，因此可以轻松添加自定义格式。对于其他字符串文本替换为“True”和“False”的简单自定义格式，可以使用语言支持的任何条件计算功能，例如 C# 中的条件运算符或 Visual Basic 中的 If 运算符。以下示例使用此方法将值的格式设置为 Boolean “是”和“否”，而不是“True”和“False”。

using System;

public class Example11
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        bool raining = false;
        bool busLate = true;

        Console.WriteLine("It is raining: {0}",
                          raining ? "Yes" : "No");
        Console.WriteLine("The bus is late: {0}",
                          busLate ? "Yes" : "No");
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       It is raining: No
//       The bus is late: Yes

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim raining As Boolean = False
      Dim busLate As Boolean = True

      Console.WriteLine("It is raining: {0}", 
                        If(raining, "Yes", "No"))
      Console.WriteLine("The bus is late: {0}", 
                        If(busLate, "Yes", "No"))
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       It is raining: No
'       The bus is late: Yes

let raining = false
let busLate = true

printfn $"""It is raining: %s{if raining then "Yes" else "No"}"""
printfn $"""The bus is late: %s{if busLate then "Yes" else "No"}"""

// The example displays the following output:
//       It is raining: No
//       The bus is late: Yes

对于更复杂的自定义格式设置操作，包括区分区域性的格式设置，可以调用 String.Format(IFormatProvider, String, Object[]) 该方法并提供 ICustomFormatter 实现。以下示例实现ICustomFormatter和IFormatProvider接口，为英语（美国）、法语（法国）和俄罗斯（俄罗斯）区域性提供区分区域性的布尔字符串。

using System;
using System.Globalization;

public class Example4
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      String[] cultureNames = { "", "en-US", "fr-FR", "ru-RU" };
      foreach (var cultureName in cultureNames) {
         bool value = true;
         CultureInfo culture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(cultureName);
         BooleanFormatter formatter = new BooleanFormatter(culture);

         string result = string.Format(formatter, "Value for '{0}': {1}", culture.Name, value);
         Console.WriteLine(result);
      }
   }
}

public class BooleanFormatter : ICustomFormatter, IFormatProvider
{
   private CultureInfo culture;

   public BooleanFormatter() : this(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)
   { }

   public BooleanFormatter(CultureInfo culture)
   {
      this.culture = culture;
   }

   public Object GetFormat(Type formatType)
   {
      if (formatType == typeof(ICustomFormatter))
         return this;
      else
         return null;
   }

   public string Format(string fmt, Object arg, IFormatProvider formatProvider)
   {
      // Exit if another format provider is used.
      if (! formatProvider.Equals(this)) return null;

      // Exit if the type to be formatted is not a Boolean
      if (! (arg is Boolean)) return null;

      bool value = (bool) arg;
      switch (culture.Name) {
         case "en-US":
            return value.ToString();
         case "fr-FR":
            if (value)
               return "vrai";
            else
               return "faux";
         case "ru-RU":
            if (value)
               return "верно";
            else
               return "неверно";
         default:
            return value.ToString();
      }
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Value for '': True
//       Value for 'en-US': True
//       Value for 'fr-FR': vrai
//       Value for 'ru-RU': верно

open System
open System.Globalization

type BooleanFormatter(culture) =
    interface ICustomFormatter with
        member this.Format(_, arg, formatProvider) =
            if formatProvider <> this then null
            else
                match arg with
                | :? bool as value -> 
                    match culture.Name with 
                    | "en-US" -> string arg
                    | "fr-FR" when value -> "vrai"
                    | "fr-FR" -> "faux"
                    | "ru-RU" when value -> "верно"
                    | "ru-RU" -> "неверно"
                    | _ -> string arg
                | _ -> null
    interface IFormatProvider with
        member this.GetFormat(formatType) =
            if formatType = typeof<ICustomFormatter> then this
            else null
    new() = BooleanFormatter CultureInfo.CurrentCulture

let cultureNames = [ ""; "en-US"; "fr-FR"; "ru-RU" ]
for cultureName in cultureNames do
    let value = true
    let culture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture cultureName 
    let formatter = BooleanFormatter culture

    String.Format(formatter, "Value for '{0}': {1}", culture.Name, value)
    |> printfn "%s"

// The example displays the following output:
//       Value for '': True
//       Value for 'en-US': True
//       Value for 'fr-FR': vrai
//       Value for 'ru-RU': верно

Imports System.Globalization

Module Example4
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim cultureNames() As String = {"", "en-US", "fr-FR", "ru-RU"}
        For Each cultureName In cultureNames
            Dim value As Boolean = True
            Dim culture As CultureInfo = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(cultureName)
            Dim formatter As New BooleanFormatter(culture)

            Dim result As String = String.Format(formatter, "Value for '{0}': {1}", culture.Name, value)
            Console.WriteLine(result)
        Next
    End Sub
End Module

Public Class BooleanFormatter 
   Implements ICustomFormatter, IFormatProvider
   
   Private culture As CultureInfo
   
   Public Sub New()
      Me.New(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture)
   End Sub
   
   Public Sub New(culture As CultureInfo)
      Me.culture = culture 
   End Sub
   
   Public Function GetFormat(formatType As Type) As Object _
                   Implements IFormatProvider.GetFormat
      If formatType Is GetType(ICustomFormatter) Then
         Return Me
      Else
         Return Nothing
      End If                
   End Function
   
   Public Function Format(fmt As String, arg As Object, 
                          formatProvider As IFormatProvider) As String _
                   Implements ICustomFormatter.Format
      ' Exit if another format provider is used.
      If Not formatProvider.Equals(Me) Then Return Nothing
      
      ' Exit if the type to be formatted is not a Boolean
      If Not TypeOf arg Is Boolean Then Return Nothing
      
      Dim value As Boolean = CBool(arg)
      Select culture.Name
         Case "en-US"
            Return value.ToString()
         Case "fr-FR"
            If value Then
               Return "vrai"
            Else
               Return "faux"
            End If      
         Case "ru-RU"
            If value Then
               Return "верно"
            Else
               Return "неверно"
            End If   
         Case Else
            Return value.ToString()  
      End Select
   End Function
End Class
' The example displays the following output:
'          Value for '': True
'          Value for 'en-US': True
'          Value for 'fr-FR': vrai
'          Value for 'ru-RU': верно

（可选）可以使用资源文件来定义特定于区域性的布尔字符串。

转换为布尔值和从布尔值转换

该 Boolean 结构实现 IConvertible 接口。因此，可以使用 Convert 该类在 .NET 中的值和任何其他基元类型之间 Boolean 执行转换，也可以调用 Boolean 结构的显式实现。但是，不支持在以下 Boolean 类型之间进行转换，因此相应的转换方法将引发 InvalidCastException 异常：

转换 Boolean 和 Char （ Convert.ToBoolean(Char) 和 Convert.ToChar(Boolean) 方法）。
转换 Boolean 和 DateTime （ Convert.ToBoolean(DateTime) 和 Convert.ToDateTime(Boolean) 方法）。

从整型或浮点数到布尔值的所有转换将非零值转换为零值 true ，并将零值转换为 false。以下示例通过调用类的 Convert.ToBoolean 选定重载来说明这一点。

using System;

public class Example2
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      Byte byteValue = 12;
      Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(byteValue));
      Byte byteValue2 = 0;
      Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(byteValue2));
      int intValue = -16345;
      Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(intValue));
      long longValue = 945;
      Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(longValue));
      SByte sbyteValue = -12;
      Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(sbyteValue));
      double dblValue = 0;
      Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(dblValue));
      float sngValue = .0001f;
      Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(sngValue));
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       True
//       False
//       True
//       True
//       True
//       False
//       True

open System

let byteValue = 12uy
printfn $"{Convert.ToBoolean byteValue}"
let byteValue2 = 0uy
printfn $"{Convert.ToBoolean byteValue2}"
let intValue = -16345
printfn $"{Convert.ToBoolean intValue}"
let longValue = 945L
printfn $"{Convert.ToBoolean longValue}"
let sbyteValue = -12y
printfn $"{Convert.ToBoolean sbyteValue}"
let dblValue = 0.0
printfn $"{Convert.ToBoolean dblValue}"
let sngValue = 0.0001f
printfn $"{Convert.ToBoolean sngValue}"

// The example displays the following output:
//       True
//       False
//       True
//       True
//       True
//       False
//       True

Module Example2
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim byteValue As Byte = 12
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(byteValue))
        Dim byteValue2 As Byte = 0
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(byteValue2))
        Dim intValue As Integer = -16345
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(intValue))
        Dim longValue As Long = 945
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(longValue))
        Dim sbyteValue As SByte = -12
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(sbyteValue))
        Dim dblValue As Double = 0
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(dblValue))
        Dim sngValue As Single = 0.0001
        Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(sngValue))
    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       True
'       False
'       True
'       True
'       True
'       False
'       True

从布尔值转换为数值时，类的 Convert 转换方法将转换为 true 1 和 false 0。但是，Visual Basic 转换函数转换为 true 255（用于转换为 Byte 值）或 -1（对于所有其他数值转换）。以下示例使用方法Convert转换为true数值，在 Visual Basic 示例中，使用 Visual Basic 语言自己的转换运算符。

using System;

public class Example3
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      bool flag = true;

      byte byteValue;
      byteValue = Convert.ToByte(flag);
      Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1}", flag, byteValue);

      sbyte sbyteValue;
      sbyteValue = Convert.ToSByte(flag);
      Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1}", flag, sbyteValue);

      double dblValue;
      dblValue = Convert.ToDouble(flag);
      Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1}", flag, dblValue);

      int intValue;
      intValue = Convert.ToInt32(flag);
      Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1}", flag, intValue);
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       True -> 1
//       True -> 1
//       True -> 1
//       True -> 1

open System

let flag = true

let byteValue = Convert.ToByte flag
printfn $"{flag} -> {byteValue}"

let sbyteValue = Convert.ToSByte flag
printfn $"{flag} -> {sbyteValue}"

let dblValue = Convert.ToDouble flag
printfn $"{flag} -> {dblValue}"

let intValue = Convert.ToInt32(flag);
printfn $"{flag} -> {intValue}"

// The example displays the following output:
//       True -> 1
//       True -> 1
//       True -> 1
//       True -> 1

Module Example3
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim flag As Boolean = True

        Dim byteValue As Byte
        byteValue = Convert.ToByte(flag)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1} ({2})", flag, byteValue,
                                            byteValue.GetType().Name)
        byteValue = CByte(flag)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1} ({2})", flag, byteValue,
                                            byteValue.GetType().Name)

        Dim sbyteValue As SByte
        sbyteValue = Convert.ToSByte(flag)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1} ({2})", flag, sbyteValue,
                                            sbyteValue.GetType().Name)
        sbyteValue = CSByte(flag)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1} ({2})", flag, sbyteValue,
                                            sbyteValue.GetType().Name)

        Dim dblValue As Double
        dblValue = Convert.ToDouble(flag)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1} ({2})", flag, dblValue,
                                            dblValue.GetType().Name)
        dblValue = CDbl(flag)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1} ({2})", flag, dblValue,
                                            dblValue.GetType().Name)

        Dim intValue As Integer
        intValue = Convert.ToInt32(flag)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1} ({2})", flag, intValue,
                                            intValue.GetType().Name)
        intValue = CInt(flag)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1} ({2})", flag, intValue,
                                            intValue.GetType().Name)
    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       True -> 1 (Byte)
'       True -> 255 (Byte)
'       True -> 1 (SByte)
'       True -> -1 (SByte)
'       True -> 1 (Double)
'       True -> -1 (Double)
'       True -> 1 (Int32)
'       True -> -1 (Int32)

有关从 Boolean 字符串值转换为字符串值，请参阅 “设置布尔值格式”部分。有关从字符串转换为 Boolean 值的转换，请参阅 “分析布尔值 ”部分。

分析布尔值

该 Boolean 结构包括两个静态分析方法， Parse 以及 TryParse将字符串转换为布尔值。布尔值的字符串表示形式由不区分大小写的TrueString FalseString等效值和字段（分别为“True”和“False”）定义。换句话说，分析成功的唯一字符串是“True”、“False”、“true”、“false”或某些混合大小写等效项。无法成功分析数字字符串，例如“0”或“1”。执行字符串比较时，不考虑前导或尾随空格字符。

以下示例使用 Parse 和 TryParse 方法分析多个字符串。请注意，只能成功分析“True”和“False”不区分大小写的等效项。

using System;

public class Example7
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string[] values = { null, String.Empty, "True", "False",
                          "true", "false", "    true    ",
                           "TrUe", "fAlSe", "fa lse", "0",
                          "1", "-1", "string" };
      // Parse strings using the Boolean.Parse method.
      foreach (var value in values) {
         try {
            bool flag = Boolean.Parse(value);
            Console.WriteLine("'{0}' --> {1}", value, flag);
         }
         catch (ArgumentException) {
            Console.WriteLine("Cannot parse a null string.");
         }
         catch (FormatException) {
            Console.WriteLine("Cannot parse '{0}'.", value);
         }
      }
      Console.WriteLine();
      // Parse strings using the Boolean.TryParse method.
      foreach (var value in values) {
         bool flag = false;
         if (Boolean.TryParse(value, out flag))
            Console.WriteLine("'{0}' --> {1}", value, flag);
         else
            Console.WriteLine("Unable to parse '{0}'", value);
      }
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Cannot parse a null string.
//       Cannot parse ''.
//       'True' --> True
//       'False' --> False
//       'true' --> True
//       'false' --> False
//       '    true    ' --> True
//       'TrUe' --> True
//       'fAlSe' --> False
//       Cannot parse 'fa lse'.
//       Cannot parse '0'.
//       Cannot parse '1'.
//       Cannot parse '-1'.
//       Cannot parse 'string'.
//
//       Unable to parse ''
//       Unable to parse ''
//       'True' --> True
//       'False' --> False
//       'true' --> True
//       'false' --> False
//       '    true    ' --> True
//       'TrUe' --> True
//       'fAlSe' --> False
//       Cannot parse 'fa lse'.
//       Unable to parse '0'
//       Unable to parse '1'
//       Unable to parse '-1'
//       Unable to parse 'string'

open System

let values = 
    [ null; String.Empty; "True"; "False"
      "true"; "false"; "    true    "
      "TrUe"; "fAlSe"; "fa lse"; "0"
      "1"; "-1"; "string" ]
// Parse strings using the Boolean.Parse method.
for value in values do
    try
        let flag = Boolean.Parse value
        printfn $"'{value}' --> {flag}"
    with 
    | :? ArgumentException ->
        printfn "Cannot parse a null string."
    | :? FormatException ->
        printfn $"Cannot parse '{value}'."
printfn ""
// Parse strings using the Boolean.TryParse method.
for value in values do
    match Boolean.TryParse value with
    | true, flag -> 
        printfn $"'{value}' --> {flag}"
    | false, _ ->
        printfn $"Unable to parse '{value}'"

// The example displays the following output:
//       Cannot parse a null string.
//       Cannot parse ''.
//       'True' --> True
//       'False' --> False
//       'true' --> True
//       'false' --> False
//       '    true    ' --> True
//       'TrUe' --> True
//       'fAlSe' --> False
//       Cannot parse 'fa lse'.
//       Cannot parse '0'.
//       Cannot parse '1'.
//       Cannot parse '-1'.
//       Cannot parse 'string'.
//
//       Unable to parse ''
//       Unable to parse ''
//       'True' --> True
//       'False' --> False
//       'true' --> True
//       'false' --> False
//       '    true    ' --> True
//       'TrUe' --> True
//       'fAlSe' --> False
//       Cannot parse 'fa lse'.
//       Unable to parse '0'
//       Unable to parse '1'
//       Unable to parse '-1'
//       Unable to parse 'string'

Module Example7
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim values() As String = {Nothing, String.Empty, "True", "False",
                                 "true", "false", "    true    ",
                                 "TrUe", "fAlSe", "fa lse", "0",
                                 "1", "-1", "string"}
        ' Parse strings using the Boolean.Parse method.                    
        For Each value In values
            Try
                Dim flag As Boolean = Boolean.Parse(value)
                Console.WriteLine("'{0}' --> {1}", value, flag)
            Catch e As ArgumentException
                Console.WriteLine("Cannot parse a null string.")
            Catch e As FormatException
                Console.WriteLine("Cannot parse '{0}'.", value)
            End Try
        Next
        Console.WriteLine()
        ' Parse strings using the Boolean.TryParse method.                    
        For Each value In values
            Dim flag As Boolean = False
            If Boolean.TryParse(value, flag) Then
                Console.WriteLine("'{0}' --> {1}", value, flag)
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("Cannot parse '{0}'.", value)
            End If
        Next
    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       Cannot parse a null string.
'       Cannot parse ''.
'       'True' --> True
'       'False' --> False
'       'true' --> True
'       'false' --> False
'       '    true    ' --> True
'       'TrUe' --> True
'       'fAlSe' --> False
'       Cannot parse 'fa lse'.
'       Cannot parse '0'.
'       Cannot parse '1'.
'       Cannot parse '-1'.
'       Cannot parse 'string'.
'       
'       Unable to parse ''
'       Unable to parse ''
'       'True' --> True
'       'False' --> False
'       'true' --> True
'       'false' --> False
'       '    true    ' --> True
'       'TrUe' --> True
'       'fAlSe' --> False
'       Cannot parse 'fa lse'.
'       Unable to parse '0'
'       Unable to parse '1'
'       Unable to parse '-1'
'       Unable to parse 'string'

如果要在 Visual Basic 中进行编程，可以使用 CBool 函数将数字的字符串表示形式转换为布尔值。 “0”将 false转换为，任何非零值的字符串表示形式将 true转换为。如果未在 Visual Basic 中进行编程，则必须在将数字字符串转换为数字之前将其转换为布尔值。以下示例通过将整数数组转换为布尔值来说明这一点。

using System;

public class Example8
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      String[] values = { "09", "12.6", "0", "-13 " };
      foreach (var value in values) {
         bool success, result;
         int number;
         success = Int32.TryParse(value, out number);
         if (success) {
            // The method throws no exceptions.
            result = Convert.ToBoolean(number);
            Console.WriteLine("Converted '{0}' to {1}", value, result);
         }
         else {
            Console.WriteLine("Unable to convert '{0}'", value);
         }
      }
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Converted '09' to True
//       Unable to convert '12.6'
//       Converted '0' to False
//       Converted '-13 ' to True

open System

let values = [ "09"; "12.6"; "0"; "-13 " ]
for value in values do
    match Int32.TryParse value with
    | true, number -> 
        // The method throws no exceptions.
        let result = Convert.ToBoolean number
        printfn $"Converted '{value}' to {result}"
    | false, _ ->
        printfn $"Unable to convert '{value}'"

// The example displays the following output:
//       Converted '09' to True
//       Unable to convert '12.6'
//       Converted '0' to False
//       Converted '-13 ' to True

Module Example8
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim values() As String = {"09", "12.6", "0", "-13 "}
        For Each value In values
            Dim success, result As Boolean
            Dim number As Integer
            success = Int32.TryParse(value, number)
            If success Then
                ' The method throws no exceptions.
                result = Convert.ToBoolean(number)
                Console.WriteLine("Converted '{0}' to {1}", value, result)
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("Unable to convert '{0}'", value)
            End If
        Next
    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       Converted '09' to True
'       Unable to convert '12.6'
'       Converted '0' to False
'       Converted '-13 ' to True

比较布尔值

由于布尔值是或truefalse没有理由显式调用CompareTo该方法，这指示实例是大于、小于还是等于指定值。通常，若要比较两个布尔变量，请调用 Equals 该方法或使用语言的相等运算符。

但是，如果要将布尔变量与文本布尔值进行比较，或者false不需要进行显式比较，因为计算布尔值true的结果是布尔值。例如，以下两个表达式是等效的，但第二个表达式更紧凑。但是，这两种技术都提供可比的性能。

if (booleanValue == true) {

if booleanValue = true then

If booleanValue = True Then

if (booleanValue) {

if booleanValue then

If booleanValue Then

将布尔值用作二进制值

布尔值占用一个字节内存，如以下示例所示。必须使用开关编译 /unsafe C# 示例。

using System;

public struct BoolStruct
{
   public bool flag1;
   public bool flag2;
   public bool flag3;
   public bool flag4;
   public bool flag5;
}

public class Example9
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      unsafe {
         BoolStruct b = new BoolStruct();
         bool* addr = (bool*) &b;
         Console.WriteLine("Size of BoolStruct: {0}", sizeof(BoolStruct));
         Console.WriteLine("Field offsets:");
         Console.WriteLine("   flag1: {0}", (bool*) &b.flag1 - addr);
         Console.WriteLine("   flag1: {0}", (bool*) &b.flag2 - addr);
         Console.WriteLine("   flag1: {0}", (bool*) &b.flag3 - addr);
         Console.WriteLine("   flag1: {0}", (bool*) &b.flag4 - addr);
         Console.WriteLine("   flag1: {0}", (bool*) &b.flag5 - addr);
      }
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Size of BoolStruct: 5
//       Field offsets:
//          flag1: 0
//          flag1: 1
//          flag1: 2
//          flag1: 3
//          flag1: 4

#nowarn "9" "51"
open FSharp.NativeInterop

[<Struct>]
type BoolStruct =
   val flag1: bool
   val flag2: bool
   val flag3: bool
   val flag4: bool
   val flag5: bool

let inline nint addr = NativePtr.toNativeInt addr

let mutable b = BoolStruct()
let addr = &&b

printfn $"Size of BoolStruct: {sizeof<BoolStruct>}"
printfn "Field offsets:"
printfn $"   flag1: {nint &&b.flag1 - nint addr}"
printfn $"   flag2: {nint &&b.flag2 - nint addr}"
printfn $"   flag3: {nint &&b.flag3 - nint addr}"
printfn $"   flag4: {nint &&b.flag4 - nint addr}"
printfn $"   flag5: {nint &&b.flag5 - nint addr}"

// The example displays the following output:
//       Size of BoolStruct: 5
//       Field offsets:
//          flag1: 0
//          flag1: 1
//          flag1: 2
//          flag1: 3
//          flag1: 4

字节的低序位用于表示其值。值 1 表示 true;值 0 表示 false。

提示

可以使用该 System.Collections.Specialized.BitVector32 结构来处理布尔值集。

可以通过调用 BitConverter.GetBytes(Boolean) 该方法将布尔值转换为其二进制表示形式。该方法返回具有单个元素的字节数组。若要从其二进制表示形式还原布尔值，可以调用 BitConverter.ToBoolean(Byte[], Int32) 该方法。

下面的示例调用 BitConverter.GetBytes 该方法将布尔值转换为其二进制表示形式并显示值的单个位，然后调用 BitConverter.ToBoolean 该方法从二进制表示形式还原值。

using System;

public class Example1
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        bool[] flags = { true, false };
        foreach (var flag in flags)
        {
            // Get binary representation of flag.
            Byte value = BitConverter.GetBytes(flag)[0];
            Console.WriteLine("Original value: {0}", flag);
            Console.WriteLine("Binary value:   {0} ({1})", value,
                              GetBinaryString(value));
            // Restore the flag from its binary representation.
            bool newFlag = BitConverter.ToBoolean(new Byte[] { value }, 0);
            Console.WriteLine("Restored value: {0}\n", flag);
        }
    }

    private static string GetBinaryString(Byte value)
    {
        string retVal = Convert.ToString(value, 2);
        return new string('0', 8 - retVal.Length) + retVal;
    }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Original value: True
//       Binary value:   1 (00000001)
//       Restored value: True
//
//       Original value: False
//       Binary value:   0 (00000000)
//       Restored value: False

open System

let getBinaryString (value: byte) =
   let retValue = Convert.ToString(value, 2)
   String('0', 8 - retValue.Length) + retValue

let flags = [ true; false ]
for flag in flags do
      // Get binary representation of flag.
      let value = BitConverter.GetBytes(flag)[0];
      printfn $"Original value: {flag}"
      printfn $"Binary value:   {value} ({getBinaryString value})"
      // Restore the flag from its binary representation.
      let newFlag = BitConverter.ToBoolean([|value|], 0)
      printfn $"Restored value: {newFlag}\n"

// The example displays the following output:
//       Original value: True
//       Binary value:   1 (00000001)
//       Restored value: True
//
//       Original value: False
//       Binary value:   0 (00000000)
//       Restored value: False

Module Example1
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim flags() As Boolean = {True, False}
        For Each flag In flags
            ' Get binary representation of flag.
            Dim value As Byte = BitConverter.GetBytes(flag)(0)
            Console.WriteLine("Original value: {0}", flag)
            Console.WriteLine("Binary value:   {0} ({1})", value,
                           GetBinaryString(value))
            ' Restore the flag from its binary representation.
            Dim newFlag As Boolean = BitConverter.ToBoolean({value}, 0)
            Console.WriteLine("Restored value: {0}", flag)
            Console.WriteLine()
        Next
    End Sub

    Private Function GetBinaryString(value As Byte) As String
        Dim retVal As String = Convert.ToString(value, 2)
        Return New String("0"c, 8 - retVal.Length) + retVal
    End Function
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       Original value: True
'       Binary value:   1 (00000001)
'       Restored value: True
'       
'       Original value: False
'       Binary value:   0 (00000000)
'       Restored value: False

使用布尔值执行操作

本部分说明如何在应用中使用布尔值。第一节讨论其用作标志。第二个说明其用于算术运算的用法。

布尔值作为标志

布尔变量最常用作标志，以指示存在或缺少某些条件。例如，在方法中 String.Compare(String, String, Boolean) ，最终参数是一个标志， ignoreCase指示两个字符串的比较是否不区分大小写（ignoreCase 是 true）或区分大小写（ignoreCase 是 false）。然后，可以在条件语句中计算标志的值。

以下示例使用简单的控制台应用来说明如何将布尔变量用作标志。应用接受命令行参数，这些参数允许将输出重定向到指定文件（ /f 开关），并使输出同时发送到指定文件和控制台（ /b 开关）。该应用定义了一个标志， isRedirected 用于指示输出是否要发送到文件，以及一个名为指示 isBoth 输出应发送到控制台的标志。 F# 示例使用递归函数分析参数。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;

public class Example5
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      // Initialize flag variables.
      bool isRedirected = false;
      bool isBoth = false;
      String fileName = "";
      StreamWriter sw = null;

      // Get any command line arguments.
      String[] args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
      // Handle any arguments.
      if (args.Length > 1) {
         for (int ctr = 1; ctr < args.Length; ctr++) {
            String arg = args[ctr];
            if (arg.StartsWith("/") || arg.StartsWith("-")) {
               switch (arg.Substring(1).ToLower())
               {
                  case "f":
                     isRedirected = true;
                     if (args.Length < ctr + 2) {
                        ShowSyntax("The /f switch must be followed by a filename.");
                        return;
                     }
                     fileName = args[ctr + 1];
                     ctr++;
                     break;
                  case "b":
                     isBoth = true;
                     break;
                  default:
                     ShowSyntax(String.Format("The {0} switch is not supported",
                                              args[ctr]));
                     return;
               }
            }
         }
      }

      // If isBoth is True, isRedirected must be True.
      if (isBoth &&  ! isRedirected) {
         ShowSyntax("The /f switch must be used if /b is used.");
         return;
      }

      // Handle output.
      if (isRedirected) {
         sw = new StreamWriter(fileName);
         if (!isBoth)
            Console.SetOut(sw);
      }
      String msg = String.Format("Application began at {0}", DateTime.Now);
      Console.WriteLine(msg);
      if (isBoth) sw.WriteLine(msg);
      Thread.Sleep(5000);
      msg = String.Format("Application ended normally at {0}", DateTime.Now);
      Console.WriteLine(msg);
      if (isBoth) sw.WriteLine(msg);
      if (isRedirected) sw.Close();
   }

   private static void ShowSyntax(String errMsg)
   {
      Console.WriteLine(errMsg);
      Console.WriteLine("\nSyntax: Example [[/f <filename> [/b]]\n");
   }
}

open System
open System.IO
open System.Threading

let showSyntax errMsg =
    printfn $"{errMsg}\n\nSyntax: Example [[/f <filename> [/b]]\n" 

let mutable isRedirected = false
let mutable isBoth = false
let mutable fileName = ""

let rec parse = function
    | [] -> ()
    | "-b" :: rest
    | "/b" :: rest ->
        isBoth <- true
        // Parse remaining arguments.
        parse rest
    | "-f" :: file :: rest
    | "/f" :: file :: rest ->
        isRedirected <- true
        fileName <- file
        // Parse remaining arguments.
        parse rest
    | "-f" :: []
    | "/f" :: [] ->
        isRedirected <- true
        // No more arguments to parse.
    | x -> showSyntax $"The {x} switch is not supported"

Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1..]
|> List.ofArray
|> parse

// If isBoth is True, isRedirected must be True.
if isBoth && not isRedirected then
    showSyntax "The /f switch must be used if /b is used."
// If isRedirected is True, a fileName must be specified.
elif fileName = "" && isRedirected then
    showSyntax "The /f switch must be followed by a filename."    
else
    use mutable sw = null

    // Handle output.
    let writeLine =
        if isRedirected then 
            sw <- new StreamWriter(fileName)
            if isBoth then
                fun text -> 
                    printfn "%s" text
                    sw.WriteLine text
            else sw.WriteLine
        else printfn "%s"

    writeLine $"Application began at {DateTime.Now}"
    Thread.Sleep 5000
    writeLine $"Application ended normally at {DateTime.Now}"

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Threading

Module Example5
    Public Sub Main()
        ' Initialize flag variables.
        Dim isRedirected, isBoth As Boolean
        Dim fileName As String = ""
        Dim sw As StreamWriter = Nothing

        ' Get any command line arguments.
        Dim args() As String = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()
        ' Handle any arguments.
        If args.Length > 1 Then
            For ctr = 1 To args.Length - 1
                Dim arg As String = args(ctr)
                If arg.StartsWith("/") OrElse arg.StartsWith("-") Then
                    Select Case arg.Substring(1).ToLower()
                        Case "f"
                            isRedirected = True
                            If args.Length < ctr + 2 Then
                                ShowSyntax("The /f switch must be followed by a filename.")
                                Exit Sub
                            End If
                            fileName = args(ctr + 1)
                            ctr += 1
                        Case "b"
                            isBoth = True
                        Case Else
                            ShowSyntax(String.Format("The {0} switch is not supported",
                                              args(ctr)))
                            Exit Sub
                    End Select
                End If
            Next
        End If

        ' If isBoth is True, isRedirected must be True.
        If isBoth And Not isRedirected Then
            ShowSyntax("The /f switch must be used if /b is used.")
            Exit Sub
        End If

        ' Handle output.
        If isRedirected Then
            sw = New StreamWriter(fileName)
            If Not isBoth Then
                Console.SetOut(sw)
            End If
        End If
        Dim msg As String = String.Format("Application began at {0}", Date.Now)
        Console.WriteLine(msg)
        If isBoth Then sw.WriteLine(msg)
        Thread.Sleep(5000)
        msg = String.Format("Application ended normally at {0}", Date.Now)
        Console.WriteLine(msg)
        If isBoth Then sw.WriteLine(msg)
        If isRedirected Then sw.Close()
    End Sub

    Private Sub ShowSyntax(errMsg As String)
        Console.WriteLine(errMsg)
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Syntax: Example [[/f <filename> [/b]]")
        Console.WriteLine()
    End Sub
End Module

布尔值和算术运算

布尔值有时用于指示是否存在触发数学计算的条件。例如， hasShippingCharge 变量可能用作标志，以指示是否向发票金额添加发货费用。

由于具有 false 某个值的运算对运算的结果没有影响，因此不必将布尔值转换为整数值，才能在数学运算中使用。相反，可以使用条件逻辑。

以下示例计算由小计、发货费用和可选服务费组成的金额。该 hasServiceCharge 变量确定是否应用了服务费。本示例使用条件逻辑添加服务费用金额，而不是转换为 hasServiceCharge 数值并将其乘以服务费用金额（如果适用）。

using System;

public class Example6
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      bool[] hasServiceCharges = { true, false };
      Decimal subtotal = 120.62m;
      Decimal shippingCharge = 2.50m;
      Decimal serviceCharge = 5.00m;

      foreach (var hasServiceCharge in hasServiceCharges) {
         Decimal total = subtotal + shippingCharge +
                                (hasServiceCharge ? serviceCharge : 0);
         Console.WriteLine("hasServiceCharge = {1}: The total is {0:C2}.",
                           total, hasServiceCharge);
      }
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//       hasServiceCharge = True: The total is $128.12.
//       hasServiceCharge = False: The total is $123.12.

let hasServiceCharges = [ true; false ]
let subtotal = 120.62M
let shippingCharge = 2.50M
let serviceCharge = 5.00M

for hasServiceCharge in hasServiceCharges do
    let total = 
        subtotal + shippingCharge + if hasServiceCharge then serviceCharge else 0M
    printfn $"hasServiceCharge = {hasServiceCharge}: The total is {total:C2}."

// The example displays output like the following:
//       hasServiceCharge = True: The total is $128.12.
//       hasServiceCharge = False: The total is $123.12.

Module Example6
    Public Sub Main()
        Dim hasServiceCharges() As Boolean = {True, False}
        Dim subtotal As Decimal = 120.62D
        Dim shippingCharge As Decimal = 2.5D
        Dim serviceCharge As Decimal = 5D

        For Each hasServiceCharge In hasServiceCharges
            Dim total As Decimal = subtotal + shippingCharge +
                                If(hasServiceCharge, serviceCharge, 0)
            Console.WriteLine("hasServiceCharge = {1}: The total is {0:C2}.",
                           total, hasServiceCharge)
        Next
    End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'       hasServiceCharge = True: The total is $128.12.
'       hasServiceCharge = False: The total is $123.12.

布尔值和互操作

虽然将基本数据类型封送到 COM 通常很简单，但 Boolean 数据类型是一个例外。可以将属性 MarshalAsAttribute 应用于以下任一表示形式，以 Boolean 封送类型：

枚举类型	非托管格式
UnmanagedType.Bool	一个 4 字节整数值，其中任何非零值表示 `true` ，0 表示 `false`。这是结构中的字段的默认格式，也是Boolean平台调用中参数的默认格式Boolean。
UnmanagedType.U1	一个 1 字节整数值，其中 1 表示 `true` ，0 表示 `false`。
UnmanagedType.VariantBool	一个 2 字节整数值，其中 -1 表示 `true` ，0 表示 `false`。这是 COM 互操作调用中参数的默认格式 Boolean 。