SerializableAttribute 类
指示一个类可以序列化。无法继承此类。
**命名空间:**System
**程序集:**mscorlib（在 mscorlib.dll 中）
语法
声明
<ComVisibleAttribute(True)> _
<AttributeUsageAttribute(AttributeTargets.Class Or AttributeTargets.Struct Or AttributeTargets.Enum Or AttributeTargets.Delegate, Inherited:=False)> _
Public NotInheritable Class SerializableAttribute
Inherits Attribute
用法
Dim instance As SerializableAttribute
[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
[AttributeUsageAttribute(AttributeTargets.Class|AttributeTargets.Struct|AttributeTargets.Enum|AttributeTargets.Delegate, Inherited=false)]
public sealed class SerializableAttribute : Attribute
[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
[AttributeUsageAttribute(AttributeTargets::Class|AttributeTargets::Struct|AttributeTargets::Enum|AttributeTargets::Delegate, Inherited=false)]
public ref class SerializableAttribute sealed : public Attribute
/** @attribute ComVisibleAttribute(true) */
/** @attribute AttributeUsageAttribute(AttributeTargets.Class|AttributeTargets.Struct|AttributeTargets.Enum|AttributeTargets.Delegate, Inherited=false) */
public final class SerializableAttribute extends Attribute
ComVisibleAttribute(true)
AttributeUsageAttribute(AttributeTargets.Class|AttributeTargets.Struct|AttributeTargets.Enum|AttributeTargets.Delegate, Inherited=false)
public final class SerializableAttribute extends Attribute
备注
将 SerializableAttribute 属性应用于一个类型可指示该类型的实例可以序列化。如果正在序列化的对象图中的任何类型未应用 SerializableAttribute 属性，公共语言运行库则会引发 SerializationException。
即使该类也会实现 ISerializable 接口来控制序列化进程，仍要应用 SerializableAttribute 属性。
默认情况下，类型中由 SerializableAttribute 标记的所有公共和私有字段都会进行序列化，除非该类型实现 ISerializable 接口来重写序列化进程。默认的序列化进程会排除用 NonSerializedAttribute 属性标记的字段。如果可序列化类型的字段包含指针、句柄或其他某些针对于特定环境的数据结构，并且不能在不同的环境中以有意义的方式重建，则最好将 NonSerializedAttribute 属性应用于该字段。
有关使用属性的更多信息，请参见 利用属性扩展元数据。有关序列化的更多信息，请参见 System.Runtime.Serialization。
示例
下面的示例演示用 SerializableAttribute 属性标记的一个对象的序列化。若要使用 BinaryFormatter 而不是 SoapFormatter，请取消注释相应的行。
Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap
Public Class Test
Public Shared Sub Main()
' Creates a new TestSimpleObject object.
Dim obj As New TestSimpleObject()
Console.WriteLine("Before serialization the object contains: ")
obj.Print()
' Opens a file and serializes the object into it in binary format.
Dim stream As Stream = File.Open("data.xml", FileMode.Create)
Dim formatter As New SoapFormatter()
formatter.Serialize(stream, obj)
stream.Close()
' Empties obj.
obj = Nothing
' Opens file "data.xml" and deserializes the object from it.
stream = File.Open("data.xml", FileMode.Open)
formatter = New SoapFormatter()
obj = CType(formatter.Deserialize(stream), TestSimpleObject)
stream.Close()
Console.WriteLine("")
Console.WriteLine("After deserialization the object contains: ")
obj.Print()
End Sub 'Main
End Class 'Test
' A test object that needs to be serialized.
<Serializable()> Public Class TestSimpleObject
Public member1 As Integer
Public member2 As String
Public member3 As String
Public member4 As Double
' A member that is not serialized.
<NonSerialized()> Public member5 As String
Public Sub New()
member1 = 11
member2 = "hello"
member3 = "hello"
member4 = 3.14159265
member5 = "hello world!"
End Sub 'New
Public Sub Print()
Console.WriteLine("member1 = '{0}'", member1)
Console.WriteLine("member2 = '{0}'", member2)
Console.WriteLine("member3 = '{0}'", member3)
Console.WriteLine("member4 = '{0}'", member4)
Console.WriteLine("member5 = '{0}'", member5)
End Sub 'Print
End Class 'TestSimpleObject
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
//using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
public class Test {
public static void Main() {
//Creates a new TestSimpleObject object.
TestSimpleObject obj = new TestSimpleObject();
Console.WriteLine("Before serialization the object contains: ");
obj.Print();
//Opens a file and serializes the object into it in binary format.
Stream stream = File.Open("data.xml", FileMode.Create);
SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();
//BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
formatter.Serialize(stream, obj);
stream.Close();
//Empties obj.
obj = null;
//Opens file "data.xml" and deserializes the object from it.
stream = File.Open("data.xml", FileMode.Open);
formatter = new SoapFormatter();
//formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
obj = (TestSimpleObject)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
stream.Close();
Console.WriteLine("");
Console.WriteLine("After deserialization the object contains: ");
obj.Print();
}
}
// A test object that needs to be serialized.
[Serializable()]
public class TestSimpleObject {
public int member1;
public string member2;
public string member3;
public double member4;
// A field that is not serialized.
[NonSerialized()] public string member5;
public TestSimpleObject() {
member1 = 11;
member2 = "hello";
member3 = "hello";
member4 = 3.14159265;
member5 = "hello world!";
}
public void Print() {
Console.WriteLine("member1 = '{0}'", member1);
Console.WriteLine("member2 = '{0}'", member2);
Console.WriteLine("member3 = '{0}'", member3);
Console.WriteLine("member4 = '{0}'", member4);
Console.WriteLine("member5 = '{0}'", member5);
}
}
#using <system.dll>
#using <system.messaging.dll>
#using <System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.dll>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Soap;
// A test object that needs to be serialized.
[Serializable]
ref class TestSimpleObject
{
private:
int member1;
String^ member2;
String^ member3;
double member4;
public:
// A field that is not serialized.
[NonSerialized]
String^ member5;
TestSimpleObject()
{
member1 = 11;
member2 = "hello";
member3 = "hello";
member4 = 3.14159265;
member5 = "hello world!";
}
void Print()
{
Console::WriteLine( "member1 = ' {0}'", member1 );
Console::WriteLine( "member2 = ' {0}'", member2 );
Console::WriteLine( "member3 = ' {0}'", member3 );
Console::WriteLine( "member4 = ' {0}'", member4 );
Console::WriteLine( "member5 = ' {0}'", member5 );
}
};
int main()
{
//Creates a new TestSimpleObject object.
TestSimpleObject^ obj = gcnew TestSimpleObject;
Console::WriteLine( "Before serialization the Object* contains: " );
obj->Print();
//Opens a file and serializes the object into it in binary format.
Stream^ stream = File::Open( "data.xml", FileMode::Create );
SoapFormatter^ formatter = gcnew SoapFormatter;
//BinaryFormatter* formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
formatter->Serialize( stream, obj );
stream->Close();
//Empties obj.
obj = nullptr;
//Opens file S"data.xml" and deserializes the object from it.
stream = File::Open( "data.xml", FileMode::Open );
formatter = gcnew SoapFormatter;
//formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
obj = dynamic_cast<TestSimpleObject^>(formatter->Deserialize( stream ));
stream->Close();
Console::WriteLine( "" );
Console::WriteLine( "After deserialization the object contains: " );
obj->Print();
}
import System.*;
import System.IO.*;
import System.Runtime.Serialization.*;
import System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.*;
//import System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//Creates a new TestSimpleObject object.
TestSimpleObject obj = new TestSimpleObject();
Console.WriteLine("Before serialization the object contains: ");
obj.Print();
//Opens a file and serializes the object into it in binary format.
Stream stream = File.Open("data.xml", FileMode.Create);
SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();
//BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
formatter.Serialize(stream, obj);
stream.Close();
//Empties obj.
obj = null;
//Opens file "data.xml" and deserializes the object from it.
stream = File.Open("data.xml", FileMode.Open);
formatter = new SoapFormatter();
//formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
obj = (TestSimpleObject)(formatter.Deserialize(stream));
stream.Close();
Console.WriteLine("");
Console.WriteLine("After deserialization the object contains: ");
obj.Print();
} //main
} //Test
// A test object that needs to be serialized.
/** @attribute Serializable()
*/
public class TestSimpleObject
{
public int member1;
public String member2;
public String member3;
public double member4;
// A field that is not serialized.
/** @attribute NonSerialized()
*/
public String member5;
public TestSimpleObject()
{
member1 = 11;
member2 = "hello";
member3 = "hello";
member4 = 3.14159265;
member5 = "hello world!";
} //TestSimpleObject
public void Print()
{
Console.WriteLine("member1 = '{0}'", (System.Int32)member1);
Console.WriteLine("member2 = '{0}'", member2);
Console.WriteLine("member3 = '{0}'", member3);
Console.WriteLine("member4 = '{0}'", (System.Double)member4);
Console.WriteLine("member5 = '{0}'", member5);
} //Print
} //TestSimpleObject
继承层次结构
System.Object
System.Attribute
System.SerializableAttribute
线程安全
此类型的任何公共静态（Visual Basic 中的 Shared）成员都是线程安全的，但不保证所有实例成员都是线程安全的。
平台
Windows 98、Windows 2000 SP4、Windows Millennium Edition、Windows Server 2003、Windows XP Media Center Edition、Windows XP Professional x64 Edition、Windows XP SP2、Windows XP Starter Edition
.NET Framework 并不是对每个平台的所有版本都提供支持。有关受支持版本的列表，请参见系统要求。
版本信息
.NET Framework
受以下版本支持：2.0、1.1、1.0
请参见
参考
SerializableAttribute 成员
System 命名空间
Attribute 类
ISerializable
NonSerializedAttribute 类