Constraint 类

表示可在一个或多个 DataColumn 对象上强制的约束。

**命名空间:**System.Data
**程序集:**System.Data（在 system.data.dll 中）

语法

声明
Public MustInherit Class Constraint
用法
Dim instance As Constraint

public abstract class Constraint

public ref class Constraint abstract

public abstract class Constraint

public abstract class Constraint

备注

约束是用于维护 DataTable 中的数据的完整性的规则。例如，当删除在一个或多个相关表中使用的值时，ForeignKeyConstraint 确定如何处理相关表中的值：同样删除、设置为空值、设置为默认值或者不执行任何操作。另一方面，UniqueConstraint 只是确保特定的表内的所有值都是唯一的。有关更多信息，请参见 将约束添加到表。

不使用基本的 Constraint 构造函数。使用 UniqueConstraint 构造函数创建主键约束或唯一键约束，使用 ForeignKeyConstraint 构造函数创建外键约束。

示例

下面的示例检查 DataTable 的约束集合，并确定每个约束是 UniqueConstraint 还是 ForeignKeyConstraint。然后显示约束的属性。

Private Sub GetConstraints(dataTable As DataTable)
    Console.WriteLine()

    ' Print the table's name.
    Console.WriteLine("TableName: " & dataTable.TableName)

    ' Iterate through the collection and print 
    ' each name and type value.
    Dim constraint As Constraint
    For Each constraint In  dataTable.Constraints
        Console.WriteLine("Constraint Name: " _
            & constraint.ConstraintName)
        Console.WriteLine("Type: " _
            & constraint.GetType().ToString())

        ' If the constraint is a UniqueConstraint, 
        ' print its properties using a function below.
        If TypeOf constraint Is UniqueConstraint Then
            PrintUniqueConstraintProperties(constraint)
        End If

        ' If the constraint is a ForeignKeyConstraint, 
        ' print its properties using a function below.
        If TypeOf constraint Is ForeignKeyConstraint Then
            PrintForeigKeyConstraintProperties(constraint)
        End If
    Next constraint
End Sub

Private Sub PrintUniqueConstraintProperties( _
    constraint As Constraint)

    Dim uniqueConstraint As UniqueConstraint
    uniqueConstraint = CType(constraint, UniqueConstraint)

    ' Get the Columns as an array.
    Dim columnArray() As DataColumn
    columnArray = uniqueConstraint.Columns

    ' Print each column's name.
    Dim i As Integer
    For i = 0 To columnArray.Length - 1
        Console.WriteLine("Column Name: " _
            & columnArray(i).ColumnName)
    Next i
End Sub

Private Sub PrintForeigKeyConstraintProperties( _
    constraint As Constraint)

    Dim fkConstraint As ForeignKeyConstraint
    fkConstraint = CType(constraint, ForeignKeyConstraint)
    
    ' Get the Columns as an array.
    Dim columnArray() As DataColumn
    columnArray = fkConstraint.Columns
    
    ' Print each column's name.
    Dim i As Integer
    For i = 0 To columnArray.Length - 1
        Console.WriteLine("Column Name: " _
            & columnArray(i).ColumnName)
    Next i
    Console.WriteLine()
    
    ' Get the related columns and print each columns name.
    columnArray = fkConstraint.RelatedColumns
    For i = 0 To columnArray.Length - 1
        Console.WriteLine("Related Column Name: " _
            & columnArray(i).ColumnName)
    Next i
    Console.WriteLine()
End Sub

private void GetConstraints(DataTable dataTable)
{
    Console.WriteLine();

    // Print the table's name.
    Console.WriteLine("TableName: " + dataTable.TableName);

    // Iterate through the collection and 
    // print each name and type value.
    foreach(Constraint constraint in dataTable.Constraints ) 
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Constraint Name: " 
            + constraint.ConstraintName);
        Console.WriteLine("Type: " 
            + constraint.GetType().ToString());

        // If the constraint is a UniqueConstraint, 
        // print its properties using a function below.
        if(constraint is UniqueConstraint) 
        {
            PrintUniqueConstraintProperties(constraint);
        }
        // If the constraint is a ForeignKeyConstraint, 
        // print its properties using a function below.
        if(constraint is ForeignKeyConstraint) 
        {
            PrintForeigKeyConstraintProperties(constraint);
        }
    }
}
 
private void PrintUniqueConstraintProperties(
    Constraint constraint)
{
    UniqueConstraint uniqueConstraint;
    uniqueConstraint = (UniqueConstraint) constraint;

    // Get the Columns as an array.
    DataColumn[] columnArray;
    columnArray = uniqueConstraint.Columns;

    // Print each column's name.
    for(int i = 0;i<columnArray.Length ;i++) 
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Column Name: " 
            + columnArray[i].ColumnName);
    }
}
 
private void PrintForeigKeyConstraintProperties(
    Constraint constraint)
{
    ForeignKeyConstraint fkConstraint;
    fkConstraint = (ForeignKeyConstraint) constraint;
 
    // Get the Columns as an array.
    DataColumn[] columnArray;
    columnArray = fkConstraint.Columns;
 
    // Print each column's name.
    for(int i = 0;i<columnArray.Length ;i++) 
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Column Name: " 
            + columnArray[i].ColumnName);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
 
    // Get the related columns and print each columns name.
    columnArray = fkConstraint.RelatedColumns ;
    for(int i = 0;i<columnArray.Length ;i++) 
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Related Column Name: " 
            + columnArray[i].ColumnName);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
}

继承层次结构

System.Object
  System.Data.Constraint
     System.Data.ForeignKeyConstraint
     System.Data.UniqueConstraint

线程安全

该类型对于多线程读操作是安全的。您必须使任何写操作同步。

平台

Windows 98、Windows 2000 SP4、Windows CE、Windows Millennium Edition、Windows Mobile for Pocket PC、Windows Mobile for Smartphone、Windows Server 2003、Windows XP Media Center Edition、Windows XP Professional x64 Edition、Windows XP SP2、Windows XP Starter Edition

.NET Framework 并不是对每个平台的所有版本都提供支持。有关受支持版本的列表，请参见系统要求。

版本信息

.NET Framework

受以下版本支持：2.0、1.1、1.0

.NET Compact Framework

受以下版本支持：2.0、1.0

请参见

参考

Constraint 成员
System.Data 命名空间
ConstraintCollection
Constraints
ForeignKeyConstraint
UniqueConstraint