WCF Web HTTP 服务帮助页

项目
02/28/2011

.NET Framework 版本 4提供了 WCF WEB HTTP 服务的自动帮助页。此帮助页列出了每个操作的说明，请求和响应格式以及架构。默认情况下关闭此功能。如果用户浏览到 WCF WEB HTTP 服务并在 URL 的末尾附加“/Help”（例如 https://localhost:8000/Customers/Help），则将显示如下所示的帮助页。

Ee230442.edd33e88-2823-4a28-bbaf-fc6871602998(zh-cn,VS.100).gif

用户随后可以单击帮助页中列出的任何方法，并且所显示的该操作的详细页中显示了有关该方法的更多信息，其中包括消息格式和示例响应。下图是方法帮助页的一个示例。

Ee230442.d22aafe8-f607-478d-9b02-403fedbc77f1(zh-cn,VS.100).gif

使用 WCF Web HTTP 帮助页

WCF WEB HTTP 帮助页显示了每个操作的简单说明（假设您使用 DescriptionAttribute 指定了操作）。此特性接受一个字符串，该字符串中包含它所应用到的操作的简短说明。例如，下面的代码演示如何使用 DescriptionAttribute 来提供简短说明。

[OperationContract]
[WebGet(UriTemplate="/template1", BodyStyle = WebMessageBodyStyle.Bare)]
[Description("Description for GET /template1")]
SyndicationFeedFormatter GetTemplate1();

若要打开 WCF WEB HTTP 帮助页，您必须向服务的终结点添加一个终结点行为。可以通过配置或代码完成此操作。若要通过配置启用 WCF WEB HTTP 帮助页，请使用 <webHttp>``enableHelp 元素添加终结点行为，将 true 设置为，添加一个终结点并将其配置为使用终结点行为。下面的配置代码演示如何执行此操作。

<endpointBehaviors>
   <behavior name="RESTEndpointBehavior">
      <webHttp enableHelp="true"/>
   </behavior>
</endpointBehaviors>
<!-- ... -->
<services>
   <service behaviorConfiguration="RESTWebServiceBehavior" name="RESTWebService">      <endpoint address="" kind="webHttpEndpoint" behaviorConfiguration="RESTEndpointBehavior" contract="IHello" />
      
      <!-- ... -->
   </service>
</services>

若要通过代码启用 WCF Web HTTP 帮助页，请添加一个服务终结点，将 WebHttpBehavior 添加到该终结点，并将 EnableHelp 设置为 true。下面的代码演示如何执行此操作。

using (WebServiceHost host = new WebServiceHost(typeof(Service), new Uri("https://localhost:8000/Customers")))
{
   host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICustomerCollection), new WebHttpBinding(), "");             
   host.Description.Endpoints[0].Behaviors.Add(new WebHttpBehavior { EnableHelp = true });
   // ...
}

帮助页基于 XHTML，它带有可标识页的不同部分的标记。这样使客户端能够使用 XElement 或其他 XLinq API 以编程方式访问帮助页。

WCF Web HTTP 服务帮助页中使用的架构

WCF Web HTTP 服务帮助页中使用了以下架构。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:tns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/" attributeFormDefault="qualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="https://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:element name="anyType" nillable="true" type="xs:anyType" />
  <xs:element name="anyURI" nillable="true" type="xs:anyURI" />
  <xs:element name="base64Binary" nillable="true" type="xs:base64Binary" />
  <xs:element name="boolean" nillable="true" type="xs:boolean" />
  <xs:element name="byte" nillable="true" type="xs:byte" />
  <xs:element name="dateTime" nillable="true" type="xs:dateTime" />
  <xs:element name="decimal" nillable="true" type="xs:decimal" />
  <xs:element name="double" nillable="true" type="xs:double" />
  <xs:element name="float" nillable="true" type="xs:float" />
  <xs:element name="int" nillable="true" type="xs:int" />
  <xs:element name="long" nillable="true" type="xs:long" />
  <xs:element name="QName" nillable="true" type="xs:QName" />
  <xs:element name="short" nillable="true" type="xs:short" />
  <xs:element name="string" nillable="true" type="xs:string" />
  <xs:element name="unsignedByte" nillable="true" type="xs:unsignedByte" />
  <xs:element name="unsignedInt" nillable="true" type="xs:unsignedInt" />
  <xs:element name="unsignedLong" nillable="true" type="xs:unsignedLong" />
  <xs:element name="unsignedShort" nillable="true" type="xs:unsignedShort" />
  <xs:element name="char" nillable="true" type="tns:char" />
  <xs:simpleType name="char">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:int" />
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:element name="duration" nillable="true" type="tns:duration" />
  <xs:simpleType name="duration">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:duration">
      <xs:pattern value="\-?P(\d*D)?(T(\d*H)?(\d*M)?(\d*(\.\d*)?S)?)?" />
      <xs:minInclusive value="-P10675199DT2H48M5.4775808S" />
      <xs:maxInclusive value="P10675199DT2H48M5.4775807S" />
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:element name="guid" nillable="true" type="tns:guid" />
  <xs:simpleType name="guid">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
      <xs:pattern value="[\da-fA-F]{8}-[\da-fA-F]{4}-[\da-fA-F]{4}-[\da-fA-F]{4}-[\da-fA-F]{12}" />
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:attribute name="FactoryType" type="xs:QName" />
  <xs:attribute name="Id" type="xs:ID" />
  <xs:attribute name="Ref" type="xs:IDREF" />
</xs:schema>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:tns="https://microsoft.com/wsdl/types/" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="https://microsoft.com/wsdl/types/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:simpleType name="guid">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
      <xs:pattern value="[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}" />
    </xs:restriction>
  </xs:simpleType>
  <xs:simpleType name="char">
    <xs:restriction base="xs:unsignedShort" />
  </xs:simpleType>
</xs:schema>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:tns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/System" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/System" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:import namespace="https://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/" />
  <xs:complexType name="DateTimeOffset">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:appinfo>
        <IsValueType xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/">true</IsValueType>
      </xs:appinfo>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="DateTime" type="xs:dateTime" />
      <xs:element name="OffsetMinutes" type="xs:short" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="DateTimeOffset" nillable="true" type="tns:DateTimeOffset" />
  <xs:complexType name="DBNull">
    <xs:sequence />
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="DBNull" nillable="true" type="tns:DBNull" />
</xs:schema>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:tns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/Arrays" xmlns:ser="https://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="https://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/Arrays" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:import namespace="https://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Serialization/" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfboolean">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="boolean" type="xs:boolean" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfboolean" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfboolean" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfchar">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="char" type="ser:char" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfchar" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfchar" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfdateTime">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="dateTime" type="xs:dateTime" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfdateTime" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfdateTime" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfdecimal">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="decimal" type="xs:decimal" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfdecimal" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfdecimal" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfdouble">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="double" type="xs:double" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfdouble" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfdouble" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOffloat">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="float" type="xs:float" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOffloat" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOffloat" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfguid">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="guid" type="ser:guid" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfguid" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfguid" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfint">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="int" type="xs:int" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfint" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfint" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOflong">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="long" type="xs:long" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOflong" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOflong" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfshort">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="short" type="xs:short" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfshort" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfshort" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfstring">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="string" nillable="true" type="xs:string" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfstring" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfstring" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfduration">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="duration" type="ser:duration" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfduration" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfduration" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfunsignedInt">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="unsignedInt" type="xs:unsignedInt" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfunsignedInt" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfunsignedInt" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfunsignedLong">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="unsignedLong" type="xs:unsignedLong" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfunsignedLong" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfunsignedLong" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfunsignedShort">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="unsignedShort" type="xs:unsignedShort" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfunsignedShort" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfunsignedShort" />
  <xs:complexType name="ArrayOfQName">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" name="QName" nillable="true" type="xs:QName" />
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="ArrayOfQName" nillable="true" type="tns:ArrayOfQName" />
</xs:schema>

有关数据协定序列化架构的更多信息，请参见数据协定架构参考。

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WCF Web HTTP 服务帮助页

使用 WCF Web HTTP 帮助页

WCF Web HTTP 服务帮助页中使用的架构

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