身份验证

  • 项目

身份验证是通过检查用户的凭据并根据某个权限验证这些凭据，找到和验证主体标识的过程。 身份验证期间获得的信息可以直接由代码使用。 还可以使用 .NET Framework 基于角色的安全性对当前用户进行身份验证，并确定是否允许该主体访问您的代码。 有关说明如何对特定角色的主体进行身份验证的示例，请参见 WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole 方法的重载。 例如，可以使用 WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole(String) 重载来确定当前用户是否是 Administrators 组的成员。

目前使用的身份验证机制种类繁多，其中许多都可以同 .NET Framework 基于角色的安全性一起使用。 一些最常用的机制包括基本、简要、Passport、操作系统（如 NTLM 或 Kerberos）或应用程序定义的机制。

示例

下面的示例要求当前主体是管理员。 name 参数为 null，这允许任何管理员用户传递请求。

注意注意

在 Windows Vista 中，用户帐户控制 (UAC) 决定了用户的特权。如果您是内置的 Administrators 组的成员，将为您分配两个运行时访问标记：一个标准用户访问标记和一个管理员访问标记。默认情况下，您拥有标准用户角色。若要执行要求您是管理员的代码，首先必须将您的特权从标准用户提升为管理员。方法如下：在启动应用程序时右击此应用程序的图标，然后指示您希望以管理员身份运行。

 
Imports System
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Imports System.Security.Principal



Class SecurityPrincipalDemo


    Public Shared Sub Main()
        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy.WindowsPrincipal)
        Dim principalPerm As New PrincipalPermission(Nothing, "Administrators")
        principalPerm.Demand()
        Console.WriteLine("Demand succeeded.")

    End Sub 'Main
End Class 'SecurityPrincipalDemo

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Security.Principal;

class SecurityPrincipalDemo
{

    public static void Main()
    {
        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy.WindowsPrincipal);
        PrincipalPermission principalPerm = new PrincipalPermission(null, "Administrators");
        principalPerm.Demand();
        Console.WriteLine("Demand succeeded.");
    }
}

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Security;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;
using namespace System::Security::Policy;
using namespace System::Security::Principal;

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    System::String^ null;
    AppDomain::CurrentDomain->SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy::WindowsPrincipal);
    PrincipalPermission^ principalPerm = gcnew PrincipalPermission(null, "Administrators" );
      principalPerm->Demand();
      Console::WriteLine("Demand succeeded");
    return 0;
}

下面的示例演示如何确定主体的标识以及主体可用的角色。 作为此示例的一种应用，您可以通过这种方式检查当前用户的角色，确认该角色是否是您对于使用应用程序所要求的角色。

Imports System
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Imports System.Security.Principal

Class SecurityPrincipalDemo

    Public Shared Sub DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum()
        Dim myDomain As AppDomain = Thread.GetDomain()

        myDomain.SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy.WindowsPrincipal)
        Dim myPrincipal As WindowsPrincipal = CType(Thread.CurrentPrincipal, WindowsPrincipal)
        Console.WriteLine("{0} belongs to: ", myPrincipal.Identity.Name.ToString())
        Dim wbirFields As Array = [Enum].GetValues(GetType(WindowsBuiltInRole))
        Dim roleName As Object
        For Each roleName In wbirFields
            Try
                ' Cast the role name to a RID represented by the WindowsBuildInRole value.
                Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", roleName, myPrincipal.IsInRole(CType(roleName, WindowsBuiltInRole)))
                Console.WriteLine("The RID for this role is: " + Fix(roleName).ToString())

            Catch
                Console.WriteLine("{0}: Could not obtain role for this RID.", roleName)
            End Try
        Next roleName
        ' Get the role using the string value of the role.
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", "Administrators", myPrincipal.IsInRole("BUILTIN\" + "Administrators"))
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", "Users", myPrincipal.IsInRole("BUILTIN\" + "Users"))
        ' Get the role using the WindowsBuiltInRole enumeration value.
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator, myPrincipal.IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator))
        ' Get the role using the WellKnownSidType.
        Dim sid As New SecurityIdentifier(WellKnownSidType.BuiltinAdministratorsSid, Nothing)
        Console.WriteLine("WellKnownSidType BuiltinAdministratorsSid  {0}? {1}.", sid.Value, myPrincipal.IsInRole(sid))

    End Sub 'DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum()

    End Sub 'Main
End Class 'SecurityPrincipalDemo 

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Security.Principal;

class SecurityPrincipalDemo
{
    public static void DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum()
    {
        AppDomain myDomain = Thread.GetDomain();

        myDomain.SetPrincipalPolicy(PrincipalPolicy.WindowsPrincipal);
        WindowsPrincipal myPrincipal = (WindowsPrincipal)Thread.CurrentPrincipal;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} belongs to: ", myPrincipal.Identity.Name.ToString());
        Array wbirFields = Enum.GetValues(typeof(WindowsBuiltInRole));
        foreach (object roleName in wbirFields)
        {
            try
            {
                // Cast the role name to a RID represented by the WindowsBuildInRole value.
                Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", roleName,
                    myPrincipal.IsInRole((WindowsBuiltInRole)roleName));
                Console.WriteLine("The RID for this role is: " + ((int)roleName).ToString());

            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}: Could not obtain role for this RID.",
                    roleName);
            }
        }
        // Get the role using the string value of the role.
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", "Administrators",
            myPrincipal.IsInRole("BUILTIN\\" + "Administrators"));
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", "Users",
            myPrincipal.IsInRole("BUILTIN\\" + "Users"));
        // Get the role using the WindowsBuiltInRole enumeration value.
        Console.WriteLine("{0}? {1}.", WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator,
           myPrincipal.IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator));
        // Get the role using the WellKnownSidType.
        SecurityIdentifier sid = new SecurityIdentifier(WellKnownSidType.BuiltinAdministratorsSid, null);
        Console.WriteLine("WellKnownSidType BuiltinAdministratorsSid  {0}? {1}.", sid.Value, myPrincipal.IsInRole(sid));
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum();
    }
}

public:
   static void DemonstrateWindowsBuiltInRoleEnum()
   {
      AppDomain^ myDomain = Thread::GetDomain();

      myDomain->SetPrincipalPolicy( PrincipalPolicy::WindowsPrincipal );
      WindowsPrincipal^ myPrincipal = dynamic_cast<WindowsPrincipal^>(Thread::CurrentPrincipal);

      Console::WriteLine( "{0} belongs to: ", myPrincipal->Identity->Name );

      Array^ wbirFields = Enum::GetValues( WindowsBuiltInRole::typeid );

      for each ( Object^ roleName in wbirFields )
      {
         try
         {
            Console::WriteLine( "{0}? {1}.", roleName,
               myPrincipal->IsInRole(  *dynamic_cast<WindowsBuiltInRole^>(roleName) ) );
         }
         catch ( Exception^ ) 
         {
            Console::WriteLine( "{0}: Could not obtain role for this RID.",
               roleName );
         }
      }
   }

请参见

概念

基于角色的安全性

其他资源

安全性的基础概念