在虚拟网络之间配置 VM 故障转移

项目
03/12/2024

重要

此版本的 Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) 已终止支持。建议升级到 VMM 2022。

本文介绍在不使用 Azure Site Recovery 服务管理灾难恢复时如何在 System Center - Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) 中处理虚拟网络之间的 VM 复制和故障转移。

我们建议使用 Azure Site Recovery 来复制 VM。没有站点恢复时，VMM 不管理 Hyper-V 副本，需要使用 Hyper-V 副本 PowerShell cmdlet 来自动执行 Hyper-V 副本操作。
对于灾难恢复，我们建议使用单独的主虚拟网络和辅助虚拟网络。主 VM 连接到主网络，而副本 VM 连接到辅助网络。这样可确保两个 VM 能同时连接到网络。
如果有单个虚拟网络，请使用 Site Recovery 通过网络映射功能自动执行网络管理。如果不使用 Site Recovery，则需要仔细检查先决条件，以及 VM 附加到网络的顺序。尤其是，副本 VM 和主 VM 不得同时连接到一个虚拟网络。否则，CA-PA 记录可能会在 VMM 中删除，并导致网络连接丢失。

示例解决方案

此示例解决方案介绍以下环境：

单个 VMM 服务器管理主站点和辅助站点。
主 VM 和副本 VM 托管在一个 Hyper-V 虚拟网络上。
你想要运行计划的故障转移，并在故障转移完成后保留 VM 的 IP 地址。
VM 具有 IPv4 地址。

开始之前

确保虚拟交换机和逻辑交换机设置在 VMM 构造中有效且匹配。如果不匹配，则网络附加操作可能无法在故障转移完成后成功。
主 VM 应连接到虚拟网络
副本 VM 不应连接到网络
只能将一个 IP 地址分配到主 VM 的每个网络适配器。运行此命令以确保此操作。如果在 VM 上有多个连接的网络适配器，则通过更改数组索引运行适配器。
```
$VMOnPD = Get-SCVirtualMachine -Name "VM Name" | where {$_.IsPrimaryVM -eq $true}
Get-SCIPAddress –GrantToObjectId $VMOnPD.VirtualNetworkAdapters[0].ID``
```
确保操作系统分配给 VM 的 IP 地址与上面显示的 IP 地址相同。登录到 VM 并运行 ipconfig 以检查。
检查主数据库和副本 (replica) 上是否正确设置了查阅表格。为此，请在每台服务器上运行以下命令，并确保存在对应于上面返回的 IP 地址的条目： Get-NetVirtualizationLookupRecord
检查 IP 地址为 IPv4，而非 IPv6
在运行脚本之前，请确保两个 VM 都已关闭。
确保两个 VM 上都启用了复制状态。

运行计划的故障转移脚本

以下是此脚本所执行的操作：

对于主 VM 上的每个网络适配器，它将存储 IP 地址、VM 网络和 IP 池。
撤销主 VM 和辅助 VM 上每个网络适配器的所有 IP 地址。
断开所有网络适配器的连接。
在主 VM 和辅助 VM 之间进行故障转移。
（可选）启动反向复制。
为副本 VM 提供同一 IP 地址（针对每个网络适配器）。
将副本 VM 上的每个网络适配器都附加到步骤 1 中所存储的 VM 网络。

运行脚本

脚本采用两个参数：

$VMName – 虚拟机的名称
$ReverseRep – 布尔参数，用于指定是否应执行反向复制
- 如果传递了$true，则会立即启动反向复制，以后无法取消故障转移。
- 此脚本成功完成，且 $ReverseRep 为 $true 时：
  - 主 VM 应处于准备计划的故障转移复制状态。
  - 副本 VM 应处于故障转移完成复制状态。
- 如果传递了 $false，则不会执行反向复制。 ReverseRepORCancelFO.ps1 可用于执行反向复制或取消故障转移。
- 此脚本成功完成后，且 $ReverseRep 为 $true 时：
  - 主 VM 应处于准备计划的故障转移复制状态。
  - 副本 VM 应处于故障转移完成复制状态。

如果脚本没有完成任何步骤，则需手动完成失败的步骤，然后返回到 PowerShell 窗口。脚本步骤包括主 VM 的故障转移、副本 (replica) VM 的故障转移，以及可选的反向复制。

运行以下脚本：

 Param(
 [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
   [string]$VMName,
 [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
   [boolean]$ReverseRep
)

# the script running on system with SCVMM Console/PowerShell installed. Also, requires Hyper-V powershell module.``

Import-Module hyper-v

## Refresh VM configuration and initialize
Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) ".....Refreshing the VMs..."
Get-SCVirtualMachine -Name $VMName | Read-SCVirtualMachine

$VMOnPD = Get-SCVirtualMachine -Name $VMName | where {$_.IsPrimaryVM -eq $true}
$VMOnDR = Get-SCVirtualMachine -Name $VMName | where {$_.IsPrimaryVM -eq $false}

if ($VMOnPD.StatusString -ne "Stopped")
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....VM is not in stopped state. Actual State " $VMOnPD.StatusString
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Exiting"
    exit 1
}

$error.Clear()
$VMRepConfig = Get-VMReplication -ComputerName $VMOnPD.HostName -VMName $VMOnPD.Name
$VMRepConfig = Get-VMReplication -ComputerName $VMOnDR.HostName -VMName $VMOnPD.Name

if ($error -ne 0)
{
    $temp = $VMOnPD.HostName.Split(".")
    $primaryHostName = $temp[0]

    $temp = $VMOnDR.HostName.Split(".")
    $recoveryHostName = $temp[0]

    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Error in getting VM Replication state using FQDN, switching to Hostname"
    write-host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Primary Hostname: " $primaryHostName " Replica Hostname: " $recoveryHostName

    $error.Clear()
    $VMRepConfig = Get-VMReplication -ComputerName $primaryHostName -VMName $VMOnPD.Name
    $VMRepConfig = Get-VMReplication -ComputerName $recoveryHostName -VMName $VMOnPD.Name

    if ($error -ne 0)
    {
        write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Error in getting VM Replication state using Hostname"
        write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Exiting"
        exit 1
    }

    write-host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "....Successful in getting VM Replication state using Hostname"
}
else
{
    $primaryHostName = $VMOnPD.HostName
    $recoveryHostName = $VMOnDR.HostName
}

$VMOnPDAdapter = Get-SCVirtualNetworkAdapter -VM $VMonPD
$VMOnDRAdapter = Get-SCVirtualNetworkAdapter -VM $VMonDR

$fileName = $VMName + (Get-Date).ToString() + ".txt"
$fileName = $fileName.Replace("/","_")
$fileName = $fileName.Replace(":","_")

Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Dumping network information for $VMName to file $fileName"
Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Number of Network adapters found: " $VMOnPDAdapter.count

$VMNetwork = @()
$VMSubnet = @()
$Pools = @()

$counter = 0
foreach($vmAdapter in $VMOnPDAdapter)
{
    if ($vmAdapter.VMNetwork -eq $null)
    {
        $VMNetwork = $VMNetwork + $null
        $VMSubnet = $VMSubnet + $null
        $Pools = $Pools + $null
        $counter = $counter + 1
        continue
    }

    $VMNetwork = $VMNetwork + (Get-SCVMNetwork -Name $vmAdapter.VMNetwork.Name -ID $vmAdapter.VMNetwork.ID)
    $VMSubnet = $VMSubnet + (Get-SCVMSubnet -Name $vmAdapter.VMSubnet.Name | where {$_.VMNetwork.ID -eq $vmAdapter.VMNetwork.ID})
    #$PortClassification = Get-SCPortClassification | where {$_.Name -eq "Guest Dynamic IP"}
    $Pools = $Pools + (Get-SCStaticIPAddressPool -IPv4 | where {$_.VMsubnet.name -eq $vmAdapter.VMSubnet.Name})

    Out-File -FilePath $fileName -InputObject $VMNetwork[$counter] -Append
    Out-File -FilePath $fileName -InputObject $VMSubnet[$counter] -Append
    Out-File -FilePath $fileName -InputObject $Pools[$counter] -Append

    $counter = $counter + 1
}

if ($error.Count -ne 0)
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Error is gathering information for $VMName. No changes made"
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Exiting"
    exit 1
}

$IP = @()
$counter = 0
foreach($vmAdapter in $VMOnPDAdapter)
{

    if ($VMNetwork[$counter] -eq $null)
    {
        Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) ".....Network Adapter '" $counter "' not connected"
        $IP = $IP + $null
        $counter = $counter + 1
        continue
    }

    ## Revoke IP
    $error.Clear()
    $IP = $IP +(Get-SCIPAddress –GrantToObjectId $VMOnPD.VirtualNetworkAdapters[$counter].ID)
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Revoking IP " $IP[$counter] "from Primary VM"
    Revoke-SCIPAddress $IP[$counter]
    if ($error.count -eq 0)
    {
        Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "....." $IP[$counter] "revoke completed"
    }

    ## Disconnect Primary VM
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Disconnecting Primary VM from Network " $VMNetwork[$counter]
    Set-SCVirtualNetworkAdapter -VirtualNetworkAdapter $VMOnPD.VirtualNetworkAdapters[$counter] -NoLogicalNetwork -NoConnection -NoPortClassification
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "....Network Adapter '" $counter "' of Primary VM Disconnected"

    $counter = $counter + 1
}

## Start failover
Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) ".....We are going to Failover " $VMName " from " $primaryHostName " to " $recoveryHostName

$error.Clear()
Start-VMFailover -ComputerName $primaryHostName -VMName $VMOnPD.Name -Prepare -Confirm:$false

start-sleep 5

Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) ".....Completing Failover on Replica site..."
Start-VMFailover -ComputerName $recoveryHostName -VMName $VMOnDR.Name -Confirm:$false
if ($ReverseRep)
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) ".....Starting Reverse Replication..."
    Set-VMReplication -ComputerName $recoveryHostName -reverse -VMName $VMOnDR.Name
}

if ($error -ne 0)
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) ".....Error occured during Planned Failover for VM $VMName"
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) ".....Please manually complete Failover before continuing"
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) ".....Press any key to continue..."
    $ignoreKey = $host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey("NoEcho,IncludeKeyDown")
}

Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) ".....Connecting Network(s) to Failed-over VM"

$counter = 0
foreach($vmAdapter in $VMOnPDAdapter)
{

    if ($VMNetwork[$counter] -eq $null)
    {
        Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) ".....Network Adapter '" $counter "' not connected"
        $counter = $counter + 1
        continue
    }

    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "Granting " $IP[$counter] "to Failed-over VM"
    Grant-SCIPAddress -GrantToObjectType "VirtualNetworkAdapter" -GrantToObjectID $VMOnDRAdapter[$counter].ID -StaticIPAddressPool $Pools[$counter] –IPAddress $IP[$counter]
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "Granting IP completed"

    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "Connecting Replica VM to " $VMNetwork[$counter]
    Set-SCVirtualNetworkAdapter -VirtualNetworkAdapter $VMOnDRAdapter[$counter] -IPv4AddressType static -VMNetwork $VMNetwork[$counter] -VMSubnet $VMSubnet[$counter]
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "Network Adapter '" $counter "' of Failed-over VM connected to " $VMNetwork[$counter]

    $counter = $counter + 1
}

运行反向复制/取消脚本

以下是此脚本所执行的操作：

如果没有在故障转移脚本中运行反向复制，可以将此脚本用于反向复制，或取消故障转移。
如果取消，该脚本将反转网络步骤，并在断开副本 (replica) VM 网络后还原主 VM 连接。

运行脚本

此脚本应为 $ReverseRep 设置为 $false 的故障转移脚本运行。此脚本应使用三个参数：

$VMName：VM 名称
$ReverseRep：布尔参数，指定是否应执行反向复制。 $true 指示运行反向复制。
$CancelFO - 布尔参数，指定是否取消故障转移。 $true 指示在主站点和恢复站点上的取消。

一次只能有 $ReverseRep 和 $CancelFO 中的一个传递 $true。该脚本成功运行后，两个 VM 上的状态应为 Replication enabled’。

运行以下脚本：

Param(
 [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)]
   [string]$VMName,
 [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
   [boolean]$ReverseRep,
 [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
   [boolean]$CancelFO
)

# the script running on system with SCVMM Console/PowerShell installed. Also, requires Hyper-V powershell module.

Import-Module hyper-v

if ($ReverseRep -eq $CancelFO)
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Please ensure that one and only one of the parameters -ReverseRep and -CancelFO is passed as $True"
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Exiting"
    exit 1
}

## Refresh VM configuration and initialize
Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) ".....Refreshing the VMs..."
Get-SCVirtualMachine -Name $VMName | Read-SCVirtualMachine

$VMOnPD = Get-SCVirtualMachine -Name $VMName | where {$_.IsPrimaryVM -eq $true}
$VMOnDR = Get-SCVirtualMachine -Name $VMName | where {$_.IsPrimaryVM -eq $false}

$error.Clear()
$VMRepConfig = Get-VMReplication -ComputerName $VMOnPD.HostName -VMName $VMOnPD.Name
$VMRepConfig = Get-VMReplication -ComputerName $VMOnDR.HostName -VMName $VMOnPD.Name

if ($error -ne 0)
{
    $temp = $VMOnPD.HostName.Split(".")
    $primaryHostName = $temp[0]

    $temp = $VMOnDR.HostName.Split(".")
    $recoveryHostName = $temp[0]

    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Error in getting VM Replication state using FQDN, switching to Hostname"
    write-host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Primary Hostname: " $primaryHostName " Replica Hostname: " $recoveryHostName

    $error.Clear()
    $VMRepConfig = Get-VMReplication -ComputerName $primaryHostName -VMName $VMOnPD.Name
    $VMRepConfig = Get-VMReplication -ComputerName $recoveryHostName -VMName $VMOnPD.Name

    if ($error -ne 0)
    {
        write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Error in getting VM Replication state using Hostname"
        write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Exiting"
        exit 1
    }

    write-host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "....Successful in getting VM Replication state using Hostname"
}
else
{
    $primaryHostName = $VMOnPD.HostName
    $recoveryHostName = $VMOnDR.HostName
}

if ($VMOnDR.ReplicationStatus.ReplicationState -ne "Recovered")
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Replica VM is not in Failed over state. Actual State " $VMOnDR.ReplicationStatus.ReplicationState
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Exiting"
    exit 1
}

$error.Clear()

if ($ReverseRep -eq $true)
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) ".....Starting Reverse Replication..."
    Set-VMReplication -ComputerName $recoveryHostName -reverse -VMName $VMOnDR.Name

    if ($error -ne 0)
    {
        write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) ".....Error occured during Reverse Replication for VM $VMName"
        write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) ".....Please manually complete Reverse replication"
        exit 1
    }

    write-host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) ".....Reverse Replication completed..."
    exit 0
}

if ($VMOnDR.StatusString -ne "Stopped")
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....VM is not in stopped state. Actual State " $VMOnDR.StatusString
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Exiting"
    exit 1
}

$VMOnPDAdapter = Get-SCVirtualNetworkAdapter -VM $VMonPD
$VMOnDRAdapter = Get-SCVirtualNetworkAdapter -VM $VMonDR

$fileName = $VMName + (Get-Date).ToString() + ".txt"
$fileName = $fileName.Replace("/","_")
$fileName = $fileName.Replace(":","_")

Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Dumping network information for $VMName to file $fileName"
Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Number of Network adapters found on Failed-over VM: " $VMOnDRAdapter.count

$VMNetwork = @()
$VMSubnet = @()
$Pools = @()

$counter = 0
foreach($vmAdapter in $VMOnDRAdapter)
{
    if ($vmAdapter.VMNetwork -eq $null)
    {
        $VMNetwork = $VMNetwork + $null
        $VMSubnet = $VMSubnet + $null
        $Pools = $Pools + $null
        $counter = $counter + 1
        continue
    }

    $VMNetwork = $VMNetwork + (Get-SCVMNetwork -Name $vmAdapter.VMNetwork.Name -ID $vmAdapter.VMNetwork.ID)
    $VMSubnet = $VMSubnet + (Get-SCVMSubnet -Name $vmAdapter.VMSubnet.Name | where {$_.VMNetwork.ID -eq $vmAdapter.VMNetwork.ID})
    #$PortClassification = Get-SCPortClassification | where {$_.Name -eq "Guest Dynamic IP"}
    $Pools = $Pools + (Get-SCStaticIPAddressPool -IPv4 | where {$_.VMsubnet.name -eq $vmAdapter.VMSubnet.Name})

    Out-File -FilePath $fileName -InputObject $VMNetwork[$counter] -Append
    Out-File -FilePath $fileName -InputObject $VMSubnet[$counter] -Append
    Out-File -FilePath $fileName -InputObject $Pools[$counter] -Append

    $counter = $counter + 1
}

if ($error.Count -ne 0)
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Error is gathering information for $VMName. No changes made"
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) "....Exiting"
    exit 1
}

$IP = @()
$counter = 0
foreach($vmAdapter in $VMOnDRAdapter)
{

    if ($VMNetwork[$counter] -eq $null)
    {
        Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) ".....Network Adapter '" $counter "' not connected"
        $IP = $IP + $null
        $counter = $counter + 1
        continue
    }

    ## Revoke IP
    $error.Clear()
    $IP = $IP +(Get-SCIPAddress –GrantToObjectId $VMOnDR.VirtualNetworkAdapters[$counter].ID)
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Revoking IP " $IP[$counter] "from Replica VM"
    Revoke-SCIPAddress $IP[$counter]
    if ($error.count -eq 0)
    {
        Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "....." $IP[$counter] "revoke completed"
    }

    ## Disconnect Replica VM
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "....Disconnecting Replica VM from Network " $VMNetwork[$counter]
    Set-SCVirtualNetworkAdapter -VirtualNetworkAdapter $VMOnDR.VirtualNetworkAdapters[$counter] -NoLogicalNetwork -NoConnection -NoPortClassification
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "....Network Adapter '" $counter "' of Replica VM Disconnected"

    $counter = $counter + 1
}

## Cancel failover
Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) ".....We are going to Cancel Failover " $VMName " on both " $primaryHostName " and " $recoveryHostName

$error.Clear()
Stop-VMFailover -ComputerName $recoveryHostName -VMName $VMName
Start-Sleep -Seconds 10
Stop-VMFailover -ComputerName $primaryHostName -VMName $VMName

if ($error -ne 0)
{
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) ".....Error occured during Cancel Failover for VM $VMName"
    write-host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) ".....Please manually Cancel Failover on both Primary and Recovery Server"
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Red (Get-Date) ".....Press any key to continue..."
    $ignoreKey = $host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey("NoEcho,IncludeKeyDown")
}

Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) ".....Connecting Network(s) back to the Primary VM"

$counter = 0
foreach($vmAdapter in $VMOnDRAdapter)
{

    if ($VMNetwork[$counter] -eq $null)
    {
        Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) ".....Network Adapter '" $counter "' not connected"
        $counter = $counter + 1
        continue
    }

    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "Granting " $IP[$counter] "to Primary VM"
    Grant-SCIPAddress -GrantToObjectType "VirtualNetworkAdapter" -GrantToObjectID $VMOnPDAdapter[$counter].ID -StaticIPAddressPool $Pools[$counter] –IPAddress $IP[$counter]
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "Granting IP completed"

    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow (Get-Date) "Connecting Primary VM to " $VMNetwork[$counter]
    Set-SCVirtualNetworkAdapter -VirtualNetworkAdapter $VMOnPDAdapter[$counter] -IPv4AddressType static -VMNetwork $VMNetwork[$counter] -VMSubnet $VMSubnet[$counter]
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Green (Get-Date) "Network Adapter '" $counter "' of Primary VM connected to " $VMNetwork[$counter]

    $counter = $counter + 1
}

在虚拟网络之间配置 VM 故障转移

示例解决方案

开始之前

运行计划的故障转移脚本

运行脚本

运行反向复制/取消脚本

运行脚本

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