We're experiencing the exact same issue:
The caller must be on the VPN
The called party must be on a site LAN
The call will work perfectly until 10 seconds and then will end / be torn down
LAN to VPN works
VPN to VPN works
Version:
Microsoft Teams Version 1.4.00.8872 (32-bit)
Split tunneling is not an option for us.
The only workaround at this time (that is not split tunneling) is to use the Teams Web Client via https://portal.office.com then select Teams on the left hand App bar. Now test your call.
Same scenario, VPN to LAN via the Teams Web Client works perfectly.
Teams application bug issue? Please advise. We're submitting a Unified Support Ticket with Microsoft to hopefully get us all some resolution.