SortedList<TKey,TValue> Class

Definition

generic <typename TKey, typename TValue>
public ref class SortedList : System::Collections::Generic::ICollection<System::Collections::Generic::KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, System::Collections::Generic::IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<System::Collections::Generic::KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, System::Collections::Generic::IReadOnlyCollection<System::Collections::Generic::KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, System::Collections::Generic::IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey, TValue>, System::Collections::IDictionary

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)]
[System.Serializable]
public class SortedList<TKey,TValue> : System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>>, System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<TKey,TValue>, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyCollection<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey,TValue>, System.Collections.IDictionary

type SortedList<'Key, 'Value> = class
    interface IDictionary<'Key, 'Value>
    interface IDictionary
    interface IReadOnlyDictionary<'Key, 'Value>
    interface ICollection<KeyValuePair<'Key, 'Value>>
    interface seq<KeyValuePair<'Key, 'Value>>
    interface IEnumerable
    interface ICollection
    interface IReadOnlyCollection<KeyValuePair<'Key, 'Value>>

Public Class SortedList(Of TKey, TValue)
Implements ICollection(Of KeyValuePair(Of TKey, TValue)), IDictionary, IDictionary(Of TKey, TValue), IEnumerable(Of KeyValuePair(Of TKey, TValue)), IReadOnlyCollection(Of KeyValuePair(Of TKey, TValue)), IReadOnlyDictionary(Of TKey, TValue)

Type Parameters

Inheritance

Object

SortedList<TKey,TValue>

Derived

System.IdentityModel.Metadata.IndexedProtocolEndpointDictionary

Attributes

ComVisibleAttribute SerializableAttribute

Implements

ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>> IDictionary<TKey,TValue> IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>> IEnumerable<T> IReadOnlyCollection<KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>> IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey,TValue> ICollection IDictionary IEnumerable

Examples

The following code example creates an empty SortedList<TKey,TValue> of strings with string keys and uses the Add method to add some elements. The example demonstrates that the Add method throws an ArgumentException when attempting to add a duplicate key.

The example uses the Item[TKey] property (the indexer in C#) to retrieve values, demonstrating that a KeyNotFoundException is thrown when a requested key is not present, and showing that the value associated with a key can be replaced.

The example shows how to use the TryGetValue method as a more efficient way to retrieve values if a program often must try key values that are not in the sorted list, and it shows how to use the ContainsKey method to test whether a key exists before calling the Add method.

The example shows how to enumerate the keys and values in the sorted list and how to enumerate the keys and values alone using the Keys property and the Values property.

Finally, the example demonstrates the Remove method.

#using <System.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

public ref class Example
{
public:
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create a new sorted list of strings, with string
        // keys.
        SortedList<String^, String^>^ openWith =
            gcnew SortedList<String^, String^>();

        // Add some elements to the list. There are no 
        // duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
        openWith->Add("txt", "notepad.exe");
        openWith->Add("bmp", "paint.exe");
        openWith->Add("dib", "paint.exe");
        openWith->Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe");

        // The Add method throws an exception if the new key is
        // already in the list.
        try
        {
            openWith->Add("txt", "winword.exe");
        }
        catch (ArgumentException^)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("An element with Key = \"txt\" already exists.");
        }

        // The Item property is another name for the indexer, so you
        // can omit its name when accessing elements.
        Console::WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.",
            openWith["rtf"]);

        // The indexer can be used to change the value associated
        // with a key.
        openWith["rtf"] = "winword.exe";
        Console::WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.",
            openWith["rtf"]);

        // If a key does not exist, setting the indexer for that key
        // adds a new key/value pair.
        openWith["doc"] = "winword.exe";

        // The indexer throws an exception if the requested key is
        // not in the list.
        try
        {
            Console::WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.",
                openWith["tif"]);
        }
        catch (KeyNotFoundException^)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("Key = \"tif\" is not found.");
        }

        // When a program often has to try keys that turn out not to
        // be in the list, TryGetValue can be a more efficient
        // way to retrieve values.
        String^ value = "";
        if (openWith->TryGetValue("tif", value))
        {
            Console::WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.", value);
        }
        else
        {
            Console::WriteLine("Key = \"tif\" is not found.");
        }

        // ContainsKey can be used to test keys before inserting
        // them.
        if (!openWith->ContainsKey("ht"))
        {
            openWith->Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe");
            Console::WriteLine("Value added for key = \"ht\": {0}",
                openWith["ht"]);
        }

        // When you use foreach to enumerate list elements,
        // the elements are retrieved as KeyValuePair objects.
        Console::WriteLine();
        for each( KeyValuePair<String^, String^> kvp in openWith )
        {
            Console::WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}",
                kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
        }

        // To get the values alone, use the Values property.
        IList<String^>^ ilistValues = openWith->Values;

        // The elements of the list are strongly typed with the
        // type that was specified for the SorteList values.
        Console::WriteLine();
        for each( String^ s in ilistValues )
        {
            Console::WriteLine("Value = {0}", s);
        }

        // The Values property is an efficient way to retrieve
        // values by index.
        Console::WriteLine("\nIndexed retrieval using the Values " +
            "property: Values[2] = {0}", openWith->Values[2]);

        // To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
        IList<String^>^ ilistKeys = openWith->Keys;

        // The elements of the list are strongly typed with the
        // type that was specified for the SortedList keys.
        Console::WriteLine();
        for each( String^ s in ilistKeys )
        {
            Console::WriteLine("Key = {0}", s);
        }

        // The Keys property is an efficient way to retrieve
        // keys by index.
        Console::WriteLine("\nIndexed retrieval using the Keys " +
            "property: Keys[2] = {0}", openWith->Keys[2]);

        // Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair.
        Console::WriteLine("\nRemove(\"doc\")");
        openWith->Remove("doc");

        if (!openWith->ContainsKey("doc"))
        {
            Console::WriteLine("Key \"doc\" is not found.");
        }
    }
};

int main()
{
    Example::Main();
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
Key = "tif" is not found.
Key = "tif" is not found.
Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe

Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe
Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe

Value = paint.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = hypertrm.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = notepad.exe

Indexed retrieval using the Values property: Values[2] = winword.exe

Key = bmp
Key = dib
Key = doc
Key = ht
Key = rtf
Key = txt

Indexed retrieval using the Keys property: Keys[2] = doc

Remove("doc")
Key "doc" is not found.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Create a new sorted list of strings, with string
        // keys.
        SortedList<string, string> openWith = 
            new SortedList<string, string>();

        // Add some elements to the list. There are no 
        // duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
        openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe");
        openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe");
        openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe");
        openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe");

        // The Add method throws an exception if the new key is 
        // already in the list.
        try
        {
            openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe");
        }
        catch (ArgumentException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = \"txt\" already exists.");
        }

        // The Item property is another name for the indexer, so you 
        // can omit its name when accessing elements. 
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", 
            openWith["rtf"]);

        // The indexer can be used to change the value associated
        // with a key.
        openWith["rtf"] = "winword.exe";
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", 
            openWith["rtf"]);

        // If a key does not exist, setting the indexer for that key
        // adds a new key/value pair.
        openWith["doc"] = "winword.exe";

        // The indexer throws an exception if the requested key is
        // not in the list.
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.", 
                openWith["tif"]);
        }
        catch (KeyNotFoundException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = \"tif\" is not found.");
        }

        // When a program often has to try keys that turn out not to
        // be in the list, TryGetValue can be a more efficient 
        // way to retrieve values.
        string value = "";
        if (openWith.TryGetValue("tif", out value))
        {
            Console.WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.", value);
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = \"tif\" is not found.");
        }

        // ContainsKey can be used to test keys before inserting 
        // them.
        if (!openWith.ContainsKey("ht"))
        {
            openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe");
            Console.WriteLine("Value added for key = \"ht\": {0}", 
                openWith["ht"]);
        }

        // When you use foreach to enumerate list elements,
        // the elements are retrieved as KeyValuePair objects.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( KeyValuePair<string, string> kvp in openWith )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", 
                kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
        }

        // To get the values alone, use the Values property.
        IList<string> ilistValues = openWith.Values;

        // The elements of the list are strongly typed with the 
        // type that was specified for the SorteList values.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string s in ilistValues )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", s);
        }

        // The Values property is an efficient way to retrieve
        // values by index.
        Console.WriteLine("\nIndexed retrieval using the Values " +
            "property: Values[2] = {0}", openWith.Values[2]);

        // To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
        IList<string> ilistKeys = openWith.Keys;

        // The elements of the list are strongly typed with the 
        // type that was specified for the SortedList keys.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string s in ilistKeys )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", s);
        }

        // The Keys property is an efficient way to retrieve
        // keys by index.
        Console.WriteLine("\nIndexed retrieval using the Keys " +
            "property: Keys[2] = {0}", openWith.Keys[2]);

        // Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair.
        Console.WriteLine("\nRemove(\"doc\")");
        openWith.Remove("doc");

        if (!openWith.ContainsKey("doc"))
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key \"doc\" is not found.");
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
Key = "tif" is not found.
Key = "tif" is not found.
Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe

Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe
Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe

Value = paint.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = hypertrm.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = notepad.exe

Indexed retrieval using the Values property: Values[2] = winword.exe

Key = bmp
Key = dib
Key = doc
Key = ht
Key = rtf
Key = txt

Indexed retrieval using the Keys property: Keys[2] = doc

Remove("doc")
Key "doc" is not found.
 */

Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class Example
    
    Public Shared Sub Main() 

        ' Create a new sorted list of strings, with string 
        ' keys. 
        Dim openWith As New SortedList(Of String, String)
        
        ' Add some elements to the list. There are no 
        ' duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
        openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe")
        openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe")
        openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe")
        openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe")
        
        ' The Add method throws an exception if the new key is 
        ' already in the list.
        Try
            openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe")
        Catch 
            Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = ""txt"" already exists.")
        End Try

        ' The Item property is the default property, so you 
        ' can omit its name when accessing elements. 
        Console.WriteLine("For key = ""rtf"", value = {0}.", _
            openWith("rtf"))
        
        ' The default Item property can be used to change the value
        ' associated with a key.
        openWith("rtf") = "winword.exe"
        Console.WriteLine("For key = ""rtf"", value = {0}.", _
            openWith("rtf"))
        
        ' If a key does not exist, setting the default Item property
        ' for that key adds a new key/value pair.
        openWith("doc") = "winword.exe"

        ' The default Item property throws an exception if the requested
        ' key is not in the list.
        Try
            Console.WriteLine("For key = ""tif"", value = {0}.", _
                openWith("tif"))
        Catch 
            Console.WriteLine("Key = ""tif"" is not found.")
        End Try

        ' When a program often has to try keys that turn out not to
        ' be in the list, TryGetValue can be a more efficient 
        ' way to retrieve values.
        Dim value As String = ""
        If openWith.TryGetValue("tif", value) Then
            Console.WriteLine("For key = ""tif"", value = {0}.", value)
        Else
            Console.WriteLine("Key = ""tif"" is not found.")
        End If

        ' ContainsKey can be used to test keys before inserting 
        ' them.
        If Not openWith.ContainsKey("ht") Then
            openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe")
            Console.WriteLine("Value added for key = ""ht"": {0}", _
                openWith("ht"))
        End If

        ' When you use foreach to enumerate list elements,
        ' the elements are retrieved as KeyValuePair objects.
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each kvp As KeyValuePair(Of String, String) In openWith
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", _
                kvp.Key, kvp.Value)
        Next kvp

        ' To get the values alone, use the Values property.
        Dim ilistValues As IList(Of String) = openWith.Values
        
        ' The elements of the list are strongly typed with the
        ' type that was specified for the SortedList values.
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each s As String In ilistValues
            Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", s)
        Next s

        ' The Values property is an efficient way to retrieve
        ' values by index.
        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Indexed retrieval using the " & _
            "Values property: Values(2) = {0}", openWith.Values(2))

        ' To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
        Dim ilistKeys As IList(Of String) = openWith.Keys
        
        ' The elements of the list are strongly typed with the
        ' type that was specified for the SortedList keys.
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each s As String In ilistKeys 
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", s)
        Next s

        ' The Keys property is an efficient way to retrieve
        ' keys by index.
        Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Indexed retrieval using the " & _
            "Keys property: Keys(2) = {0}", openWith.Keys(2))

        ' Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair.
        Console.WriteLine(vbLf + "Remove(""doc"")")
        openWith.Remove("doc")
        
        If Not openWith.ContainsKey("doc") Then
            Console.WriteLine("Key ""doc"" is not found.")
        End If

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
'For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
'For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
'Key = "tif" is not found.
'Key = "tif" is not found.
'Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe
'
'Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
'Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
'Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
'Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe
'Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
'Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe
'
'Value = paint.exe
'Value = paint.exe
'Value = winword.exe
'Value = hypertrm.exe
'Value = winword.exe
'Value = notepad.exe
'
'Indexed retrieval using the Values property: Values(2) = winword.exe
'
'Key = bmp
'Key = dib
'Key = doc
'Key = ht
'Key = rtf
'Key = txt
'
'Indexed retrieval using the Keys property: Keys(2) = doc
'
'Remove("doc")
'Key "doc" is not found.
' 

Remarks

The SortedList<TKey,TValue> generic class is an array of key/value pairs with O(log n) retrieval, where n is the number of elements in the dictionary. In this, it is similar to the SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue> generic class. The two classes have similar object models, and both have O(log n) retrieval. Where the two classes differ is in memory use and speed of insertion and removal:

• SortedList<TKey,TValue> uses less memory than SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue>.

• SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue> has faster insertion and removal operations for unsorted data, O(log n) as opposed to O(n) for SortedList<TKey,TValue>.

• If the list is populated all at once from sorted data, SortedList<TKey,TValue> is faster than SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue>.

Another difference between the SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue> and SortedList<TKey,TValue> classes is that SortedList<TKey,TValue> supports efficient indexed retrieval of keys and values through the collections returned by the Keys and Values properties. It is not necessary to regenerate the lists when the properties are accessed, because the lists are just wrappers for the internal arrays of keys and values. The following code shows the use of the Values property for indexed retrieval of values from a sorted list of strings:

String^ v = mySortedList->Values[3];

string v = mySortedList.Values[3];

Dim v As String = mySortedList.Values(3)

SortedList<TKey,TValue> is implemented as an array of key/value pairs, sorted by the key. Each element can be retrieved as a KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue> object.

Key objects must be immutable as long as they are used as keys in the SortedList<TKey,TValue>. Every key in a SortedList<TKey,TValue> must be unique. A key cannot be null, but a value can be, if the type of values in the list, TValue, is a reference type.

SortedList<TKey,TValue> requires a comparer implementation to sort and to perform comparisons. The default comparer Comparer<T>.Default checks whether the key type TKey implements System.IComparable<T> and uses that implementation, if available. If not, Comparer<T>.Default checks whether the key type TKey implements System.IComparable. If the key type TKey does not implement either interface, you can specify a System.Collections.Generic.IComparer<T> implementation in a constructor overload that accepts a comparer parameter.

The capacity of a SortedList<TKey,TValue> is the number of elements the SortedList<TKey,TValue> can hold. As elements are added to a SortedList<TKey,TValue>, the capacity is automatically increased as required by reallocating the internal array. The capacity can be decreased by calling TrimExcess or by setting the Capacity property explicitly. Decreasing the capacity reallocates memory and copies all the elements in the SortedList<TKey,TValue>.

.NET Framework only: For very large SortedList<TKey,TValue> objects, you can increase the maximum capacity to 2 billion elements on a 64-bit system by setting the enabled attribute of the <gcAllowVeryLargeObjects> configuration element to true in the run-time environment.

The foreach statement of the C# language (for each in C++, For Each in Visual Basic) returns an object of the type of the elements in the collection. Since the elements of the SortedList<TKey,TValue> are key/value pairs, the element type is not the type of the key or the type of the value. Instead, the element type is KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>. For example:

for each( KeyValuePair<int, String^> kvp in mySortedList )
{
    Console::WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}

foreach( KeyValuePair<int, string> kvp in mySortedList )
{
    Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}

For Each kvp As KeyValuePair(Of Integer, String) In mySortedList
    Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value)
Next kvp

The foreach statement is a wrapper around the enumerator, which only allows reading from, not writing to, the collection.

Constructors

Properties

Methods

Explicit Interface Implementations

Extension Methods

Applies to

Thread Safety

Public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.

A SortedList<TKey,TValue> can support multiple readers concurrently, as long as the collection is not modified. Even so, enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread-safe procedure. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can lock the collection during the entire enumeration. To allow the collection to be accessed by multiple threads for reading and writing, you must implement your own synchronization.

See also

• IDictionary<TKey,TValue>
• Dictionary<TKey,TValue>
• SortedDictionary<TKey,TValue>
• KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>
• IComparer<T>