1.1 Glossary
This document uses the following terms:
Active Directory: The Windows implementation of a general-purpose directory service, which uses LDAP as its primary access protocol. Active Directory stores information about a variety of objects in the network such as user accounts, computer accounts, groups, and all related credential information used by Kerberos [MS-KILE]. Active Directory is either deployed as Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) or Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS), which are both described in [MS-ADOD]: Active Directory Protocols Overview.
active queue: A queue that contains messages or is currently opened by an application. Active queues can be public queues, private queues, or outgoing queues.
administration queue: A messaging queue that receives Message Queuing (MSMQ) system-generated acknowledgment messages. An administration queue is available to MSMQ applications for checking message status.
backup site controller (BSC): An MSMQ Directory Service role played by an MSMQ queue manager. A BSC contains a read-only copy of the directory for a site. A BSC can satisfy directory lookup requests but cannot satisfy directory change requests. There can be zero or more BSCs in a site.
connected network: A network of computers in which any two computers can communicate directly through a common transport protocol (for example, TCP/IP or SPX/IPX). A computer can belong to multiple connected networks.
connector queue: A queue used by a connector server. Messages sent to foreign queues are temporarily stored in a connector queue before they are retrieved by the connector application.
connector server: A Message Queuing routing server that is configured to send messages between a Message Queuing site and one or more foreign sites. A connector server has a connector application running on it and two connector queues for each foreign site: one used for transactional messages and one used for nontransactional messages.
cursor: A data structure providing sequential access over a message queue. A cursor has a current pointer that lies between the head and tail pointer of the queue. The pointer can be moved forward or backward through an operation on the cursor (Next). A message at the current pointer can be accessed through a nondestructive read (Peek) operation or a destructive read (Receive) operation.
dead-letter queue: A queue that contains messages that were sent from a host with a request for negative source journaling and that could not be delivered. Message Queuing provides a transactional dead-letter queue and a non-transactional dead-letter queue.
direct format name: A name that is used to reference a public queue or a private queue without accessing the MSMQ Directory Service. Message Queuing can use the physical, explicit location information provided by direct format names to send messages directly to their destinations. For more information, see [MS-MQMQ] section 2.1.
directory service (DS): An entity that maintains a collection of objects. These objects can be remotely manipulated either by the Message Queuing (MSMQ): Directory Service Protocol, as specified in [MS-MQDS], or by the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (v3), as specified in [RFC2251].
distinguished name (DN): A name that uniquely identifies an object by using the relative distinguished name (RDN) for the object, and the names of container objects and domains that contain the object. The distinguished name (DN) identifies the object and its location in a tree.
distribution list: An Active Directory object that can contain explicit references only to destinations published in Active Directory; that is, to public queues, queue aliases, and other distribution lists, but not to private and URL-named queues.
Domain Name System (DNS): A hierarchical, distributed database that contains mappings of domain names to various types of data, such as IP addresses. DNS enables the location of computers and services by user-friendly names, and it also enables the discovery of other information stored in the database.
enterprise: A unit of administration of a network of MSMQ queue managers. An enterprise consists of an MSMQ Directory Service, one or more connected networks, and one or more MSMQ sites.
foreign queue: A messaging queue that resides on a computer that does not run an MSMQ messaging application.
format name: A name that is used to reference a queue when making calls to API functions.
fully qualified domain name (FQDN): An unambiguous domain name that gives an absolute location in the Domain Name System's (DNS) hierarchy tree, as defined in [RFC1035] section 3.1 and [RFC2181] section 11.
globally unique identifier (GUID): A term used interchangeably with universally unique identifier (UUID) in Microsoft protocol technical documents (TDs). Interchanging the usage of these terms does not imply or require a specific algorithm or mechanism to generate the value. Specifically, the use of this term does not imply or require that the algorithms described in [RFC4122] or [C706] must be used for generating the GUID. See also universally unique identifier (UUID).
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): The primary access protocol for Active Directory. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an industry-standard protocol, established by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which allows users to query and update information in a directory service (DS), as described in [MS-ADTS]. The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol can be either version 2 [RFC1777] or version 3 [RFC3377].
little-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with the least significant byte stored in the memory location with the lowest address.
message: A data structure representing a unit of data transfer between distributed applications. A message has message properties, which may include message header properties, a message body property, and message trailer properties.
message body: A distinguished message property that represents the application payload.
message header: See message packet header.
message property: A data structure that contains a property identifier and a value, and that is associated with a message.
message queue: A data structure containing an ordered list of zero or more messages. A queue has a head and a tail and supports a first in, first out (FIFO) access pattern. Messages are appended to the tail through a write operation (Send) that appends the message and increments the tail pointer. Messages are consumed from the head through a destructive read operation (Receive) that deletes the message and increments the head pointer. A message at the head can also be read through a nondestructive read operation (Peek).
Message Queuing Information Store (MQIS): The directory service store used by MSMQ Directory Service.
Message Transfer Protocol: A Message Transfer Protocol defines a mechanism for reliably transferring messages between two message queues located on two different hosts.
Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ): A communications service that provides asynchronous and reliable message passing between distributed applications. In Message Queuing, applications send messages to queues and consume messages from queues. The queues provide persistence of the messages, enabling the sending and receiving applications to operate asynchronously from one another.
MSMQ 1.0 digital signature: A digital signature based on a hash of the MSMQ 1.0 Digital Signature Properties section in [MS-MQMQ]. This signature type is supported by all versions of Message Queuing.
MSMQ 2.0 digital signature: A digital signature that is more robust than the MSMQ 1.0 digital signature and is based on a hash of the MSMQ 2.0 Digital Signature Properties section in [MS-MQMQ]. This signature type is not supported by MSMQ version 1.
MSMQ 3.0 digital signature: A digital signature that is used only for messages sent to distribution lists or multiple-element format names and is based on a hash of the MSMQ 3.0 Digital Signature Properties section in [MS-MQMQ]. This signature type is not supported by MSMQ version 1 nor MSMQ version 2.
MSMQ Directory Service: A network directory service that provides directory information, including key distribution, to MSMQ. It initially shipped in the Windows NT 4.0 operating system Option Pack for Windows NT Server as part of MSMQ. This directory service predates and is superseded by Active Directory (AD).
MSMQ Directory Service server: An MSMQ queue manager that provides MSMQ Directory Service. The server can act in either of the MSMQ Directory Service roles: Primary Site Controller (PSC) or Backup Site Controller (BSC).
MSMQ mixed-mode: When upgrading from MSMQ 1.0 in Windows NT 4.0 operating system to MSMQ 2.0 in Windows 2000 operating system, a transitional mode known as mixed-mode environment is supported. Although not intended as a final deployment strategy, there is full support for this mixed-mode, which allows MSMQ 1.0 controller servers to coexist in the same enterprise with MSMQ 2.0 directory service servers, supporting both MSMQ 1.0 and MSMQ 2.0 directory service clients. In mixed-mode, the MSMQ replication service is used to synchronize MQIS with Active Directory (AD).
MSMQ queue manager: An MSMQ service hosted on a machine that provides queued messaging services. Queue managers manage queues deployed on the local computer and provide asynchronous transfer of messages to queues located on other computers. A queue manager is identified by a globally unique identifier (GUID).
MSMQ routing server: A role played by an MSMQ queue manager. An MSMQ routing server implements store and forward messaging. A routing server can provide connectivity between different connected networks within a site or can provide session concentration between sites.
MSMQ site: A network of computers, typically physically collocated, that have high connectivity as measured in terms of latency (low) and throughput (high). A site is represented by a site object in the directory service. An MSMQ site maps one-to-one with an Active Directory site when Active Directory provides directory services to MSMQ.
MSMQ supporting server: A role played by an MSMQ queue manager. An MSMQ supporting server supports applications to send and receive messages through the Message Queuing (MSMQ): Queue Manager Client Protocol [MS-MQMP].
nontransactional message: A message that is sent outside of a transaction.
NULL GUID: A GUID of all zeros.
order acknowledgment: A special acknowledgment message that is generated by a receiving queue manager to acknowledge receipt of a message in a transactional queue.
order queue: A messaging queue that is used to monitor the arrival order of messages that are sent as part of a transaction.
outgoing queue: A temporary internal queue that holds messages for a remote destination queue. The path name of an outgoing queue is identical to the path name of the corresponding destination queue. An outgoing queue is distinguished from its corresponding destination queue by the fact that the outgoing queue is located on the sending computer. The format name of an outgoing queue is identical to the format name used by the messages to reference the destination queue. Messages that reference the destination queue using a different format name are placed in a different outgoing queue.
path name: The name of the receiving computer where the messages for a particular queue are stored, and an optional PRIVATE$ key word indicating whether the queue is private, followed by the name of the queue. Path names can also refer to subqueues; for more information, see [MS-MQMQ] section 2.1.
Primary Enterprise Controller (PEC): An MSMQ Directory Service role played by an MSMQ queue manager. The PEC acts as the authority for the enterprise configuration information stored in the directory. There is only one PEC in an enterprise. The PEC also acts in the role of Primary Site Controller (PSC) for the site to which it belongs.
Primary Site Controller (PSC): An MSMQ Directory Service role played by an MSMQ queue manager. The PSC acts as the authority for the directory information for the site to which it belongs. The PSC can satisfy directory lookup requests and directory change requests. There is only one PSC per site.
private queue: An application-defined message queue that is not registered in the MSMQ Directory Service. A private queue is deployed on a particular queue manager.
property identifier: A DWORD value associated with an MSMQ object property that defines the property type and its semantic meaning.
public queue: An application-defined message queue that is registered in the MSMQ Directory Service. A public queue can be deployed at any queue manager.
queue: An object that holds messages passed between applications or messages passed between Message Queuing and applications. In general, applications can send messages to queues and read messages from queues.
queue journal: A queue that contains copies of the messages sent from a host when positive source journaling is requested.
queue manager (QM): A message queuing service that manages queues deployed on a computer. A queue manager can also provide asynchronous transfer of messages to queues deployed on other queue managers.
queue property: A data structure that contains a property identifier and a value, and is associated with a message queue.
quota: The physical disk quota for messages in the queue.
Remote Access Service (RAS) server: A type of network access server (NAS) that provides modem dial-up or virtual private network (VPN) access to a network.
remote procedure call (RPC): A communication protocol used primarily between client and server. The term has three definitions that are often used interchangeably: a runtime environment providing for communication facilities between computers (the RPC runtime); a set of request-and-response message exchanges between computers (the RPC exchange); and the single message from an RPC exchange (the RPC message). For more information, see [C706].
routing link: See MSMQ routing link.
security descriptor: A data structure containing the security information associated with a securable object. A security descriptor identifies an object's owner by its security identifier (SID). If access control is configured for the object, its security descriptor contains a discretionary access control list (DACL) with SIDs for the security principals who are allowed or denied access. Applications use this structure to set and query an object's security status. The security descriptor is used to guard access to an object as well as to control which type of auditing takes place when the object is accessed. The security descriptor format is specified in [MS-DTYP] section 2.4.6; a string representation of security descriptors, called SDDL, is specified in [MS-DTYP] section 2.5.1.
security identifier (SID): An identifier for security principals that is used to identify an account or a group. Conceptually, the SID is composed of an account authority portion (typically a domain) and a smaller integer representing an identity relative to the account authority, termed the relative identifier (RID). The SID format is specified in [MS-DTYP] section 2.4.2; a string representation of SIDs is specified in [MS-DTYP] section 2.4.2 and [MS-AZOD] section 1.1.1.2.
subqueue: A message queue that is logically associated, through a naming hierarchy, with a parent message queue. Subqueues can be used to partition messages within the queue. For example, a queue journal can be a subqueue that holds a copy of each message consumed from its parent queue.
system queue: An internal queue that is used by the queue manager for a purpose other than holding messages destined for a remote destination queue.
transactional message: A message sent as part of a transaction. Transaction messages must be sent to transactional queues.
transactional queue: A queue that contains only transactional messages.
Unicode: A character encoding standard developed by the Unicode Consortium that represents almost all of the written languages of the world. The Unicode standard [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] provides three forms (UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32) and seven schemes (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16 BE, UTF-16 LE, UTF-32, UTF-32 LE, and UTF-32 BE).
unit of work: A set of individual operations that MSMQ must successfully complete before any of the individual MSMQ operations can be considered complete.
workgroup mode: A Message Queuing deployment mode in which the clients and servers operate without using a Directory Service. In this mode, features pertaining to message security, efficient routing, queue discovery, distribution lists, and aliases are not available. See also Directory-Integrated mode.
MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.