1.1 Glossary

This document uses the following terms:

active: A state of an attributeSchema or classSchema object that represents part of the schema. It is possible to instantiate an active attribute or an active class. The opposite term is defunct.

active record: A name record that has been registered but not released.

address version map: See owner version map.

authentication level: A numeric value indicating the level of authentication or message protection that remote procedure call (RPC) will apply to a specific message exchange. For more information, see [C706] section 13.1.2.1 and [MS-RPCE].

browser name: A NetBIOS name whose 16th character is set to 0x1B. This name is used to identify the domain master browser server for a domain.

client: A computer on which the remote procedure call (RPC) client is executing.

dynamic record: A name record that is created through NetBT  name registration by a client.

endpoint: A network-specific address of a remote procedure call (RPC) server process for remote procedure calls. The actual name and type of the endpoint depends on the RPC protocol sequence that is being used. For example, for RPC over TCP (RPC Protocol Sequence ncacn_ip_tcp), an endpoint might be TCP port 1025. For RPC over Server Message Block (RPC Protocol Sequence ncacn_np), an endpoint might be the name of a named pipe. For more information, see [C706].

extinction interval: The interval at which released names are changed to the tombstone state.

h-node: NetBT h-node, also referred to as h-node or Hybrid node, is a combination of b-node and p-node functionality. H-node uses point-to-point communication first. If the NetBIOS name server cannot be located, it switches to broadcast. H-node continues to poll for the name server and returns to point-to point communication when one becomes available.

HostName: The name of a host on a network. Users specify computers on a network by their host names.

Interface Definition Language (IDL): The International Standards Organization (ISO) standard language for specifying the interface for remote procedure calls. For more information, see [C706] section 4.

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4): An Internet protocol that has 32-bit source and destination addresses. IPv4 is the predecessor of IPv6.

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6): A revised version of the Internet Protocol (IP) designed to address growth on the Internet. Improvements include a 128-bit IP address size, expanded routing capabilities, and support for authentication and privacy.

IPv4 address in string format: A string representation of an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation, as described in [RFC1123] section 2.1.

little-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with the least significant byte stored in the memory location with the lowest address.

multihomed: (1) Having two or more network interfaces on which NetBIOS over TCP is enabled.

(2) Multiple network interfaces to multiple separate physical networks and thus multiple IPv4 addresses.

multihomed machine name: The NetBIOS name of a machine that is multihomed.

name record: The NetBIOS name-to-IPv4 address mapping.

name resolution: The process of resolving a NetBIOS name to an IPv4 address.

named pipe: A named, one-way, or duplex pipe for communication between a pipe server and one or more pipe clients.

NBNS pull partner: A NetBIOS name server that requests new NBNS name records (replicas) from its partner.

NetBIOS: A particular network transport that is part of the LAN Manager protocol suite. NetBIOS uses a broadcast communication style that was applicable to early segmented local area networks. A protocol family including name resolution, datagram, and connection services. For more information, see [RFC1001] and [RFC1002].

NetBIOS name: A 16-byte address that is used to identify a NetBIOS resource on the network. For more information, see [RFC1001] and [RFC1002].

NetBIOS Name Server (NBNS): A server that stores NetBIOS name-to-IPv4 address mappings and that resolves NetBIOS names for NBT-enabled hosts. A server running the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) is the Microsoft implementation of an NBNS.

NetBIOS scope: The population of computers across which a registered NetBIOS name is known. Each NetBIOS scope has a scope identifier, which is a character string that meets the requirements of the Domain Name System (DNS) for domain names.

NetBIOS suffix: The 16th byte of a 16-byte NetBIOS name that is constructed using the optional naming convention defined in [MS-NBTE] section 1.8.

NetBT b-node: A NetBT node type that is configured to use broadcast NetBIOS name queries for name registration and resolution.

NetBT h-node: A combination of NetBT b-node and p-node functionality. An h-node uses point-to-point communication first. If the NBNS cannot be located, h-node switches to broadcast. The h-node continues to poll for the name server and returns to point-to-point communication when one becomes available.

NetBT m-node: A NetBT node type that uses a mix of b-node and p-node communications to register and resolve NetBIOS names. An m-node uses broadcast resolution first; then, if necessary, it uses a server query.

NetBT node type: The transport mechanism used to resolve NetBIOS names that are broadcast, multicast, or unicast.

normal group: A group of hosts that does not have an associated address. It is assumed to be valid on any subnet.

owner: A security principal who has the requisite permission to manage a security group.

owner NBNS server: An NBNS server that handles the name registration of a client and so owns the mapping for that client. An owner NBNS server is also referred to by the term owner WINS server.

owner version map: A table in which each entry has two fields, owner and version number. The owner field contains a WINS server address; the version number field contains the highest version number of all the records owned by the owner WINS server that are stored at the local WINS server.

owner WINS server: See owner NBNS server.

partner: A computer connected to a local computer through either inbound or outbound connections.

p-node: When using p-node NetBIOS name resolution, broadcasts are not used for name registration or NetBIOS name resolution. Instead, all systems register themselves with a NetBIOS Name Server (NBNS) upon startup. The NBNS is responsible for mapping computer names to IPv4 addresses and making sure that no duplicate names are registered on the network.

priority class: An attribute of a process that is used to determine the scheduling priority of threads of that process. The priority of a thread is determined by a combination of the priority class of its process and the priority level of the thread within the priority class.

pull partner: See NBNS pull partner

RELEASED: The state of a name record, in which its name has been explicitly released through a name release request, or in which it has failed to be refreshed by name by a client within the renewal interval.

released record: A name record that has been explicitly released through a name release request; or a name record that a client has failed to refresh by name within the renewal interval.

remote procedure call (RPC): A communication protocol used primarily between client and server. The term has three definitions that are often used interchangeably: a runtime environment providing for communication facilities between computers (the RPC runtime); a set of request-and-response message exchanges between computers (the RPC exchange); and the single message from an RPC exchange (the RPC message).  For more information, see [C706].

replication: The process of propagating the effects of all originating writes to any replica of a naming context (NC), to all replicas of the NC. If originating writes cease and replication continues, all replicas converge to a common application-visible state.

replication partner: See NBNS replication partner

scavenging: A regularly scheduled process in which the state of database records are changed if they have not been updated within a certain time interval, measured by the process that checks whether current time exceeds the record's time stamp value.

security support provider (SSP): A dynamic-link library (DLL) that implements the Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI) by making one or more security packages available to applications. Each security package provides mappings between an application's SSPI function calls and an actual security model's functions. Security packages support security protocols such as Kerberos authentication and NTLM.

special group: A group of hosts that have a single name. When a name registration is received for a special group, the actual address rather than the limited broadcast address is stored in the group. When a name query is received for such a group, the IPv4 addresses that have not timed out are returned.

static record: A manually created entry in the database of a NBNS server.

target WINS server: The WINS server on which the RPC method call is being executed.

tombstone: An individual record of scheduling data that represents a Meeting object where an attendee declined a meeting.

tombstone interval: See extinction interval.

tombstone state, tombstoned: The state of a released record that is not re-registered or refreshed by a client within the extinction interval.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): A protocol used with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet. TCP handles keeping track of the individual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.

Unicode: A character encoding standard developed by the Unicode Consortium that represents almost all of the written languages of the world. The Unicode standard [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] provides three forms (UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32) and seven schemes (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16 BE, UTF-16 LE, UTF-32, UTF-32 LE, and UTF-32 BE).

Unicode string: A Unicode 8-bit string is an ordered sequence of 8-bit units, a Unicode 16-bit string is an ordered sequence of 16-bit code units, and a Unicode 32-bit string is an ordered sequence of 32-bit code units. In some cases, it could be acceptable not to terminate with a terminating null character. Unless otherwise specified, all Unicode strings follow the UTF-16LE encoding scheme with no Byte Order Mark (BOM).

universally unique identifier (UUID): A 128-bit value. UUIDs can be used for multiple purposes, from tagging objects with an extremely short lifetime, to reliably identifying very persistent objects in cross-process communication such as client and server interfaces, manager entry-point vectors, and RPC objects. UUIDs are highly likely to be unique. UUIDs are also known as globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) and these terms are used interchangeably in the Microsoft protocol technical documents (TDs). Interchanging the usage of these terms does not imply or require a specific algorithm or mechanism to generate the UUID. Specifically, the use of this term does not imply or require that the algorithms described in [RFC4122] or [C706] must be used for generating the UUID.

UTF-16LE: The Unicode Transformation Format - 16-bit, Little Endian encoding scheme. It is used to encode Unicode characters as a sequence of 16-bit codes, each encoded as two 8-bit bytes with the least-significant byte first.

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS): A name service for the NetBIOS protocol, particularly designed to ease transition to a TCP/IP based network. An implementation of an NBNS server.

WINS server: A server that hosts a Microsoft implementation of an NBNS server.

MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.