1.1 Glossary

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This document uses the following terms:

Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS): A directory service (DS) implemented by a domain controller (DC). The DS provides a data store for objects that is distributed across multiple DCs. The DCs interoperate as peers to ensure that a local change to an object replicates correctly across DCs.  AD DS is a deployment of Active Directory [MS-ADTS].

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server: A computer running a DHCP service that offers dynamic configuration of IP addresses and related information to DHCP-enabled clients.

endpoint: A client that is on a network and is requesting access to a network access server (NAS).

filter: A configuration on a network access server (NAS) that specifies the types of traffic that are acceptable for IP local host traffic. Filters can block or allow traffic by IP address, IP protocol, TCP port, or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port.

globally unique identifier (GUID): A term used interchangeably with universally unique identifier (UUID) in Microsoft protocol technical documents (TDs). Interchanging the usage of these terms does not imply or require a specific algorithm or mechanism to generate the value. Specifically, the use of this term does not imply or require that the algorithms described in [RFC4122] or [C706] must be used for generating the GUID. See also universally unique identifier (UUID).

health registration authority (HRA): The server-side component in the Health Certificate Enrollment Protocol. The HRA is a registration authority (RA) that requests a health certificate from a certification authority (CA) upon validation of health.

Internet Protocol security (IPsec): A framework of open standards for ensuring private, secure communications over Internet Protocol (IP) networks through the use of cryptographic security services. IPsec supports network-level peer authentication, data origin authentication, data integrity, data confidentiality (encryption), and replay protection.

Network Access Policy: A set of rules that determines the behavior of a network access server (NAS). The policy consists of a set of conditions that matches an access request to the policy and an access profile.

network access server (NAS): A computer server that provides an access service for a user who is trying to access a network. A NAS operates as a client of RADIUS. The RADIUS client is responsible for passing user information to designated RADIUS servers and then acting on the response returned by the RADIUS server. Examples of a NAS include: a VPN server, Wireless Access Point, 802.1x-enabled switch, or Network Access Protection (NAP) server.

octet: A group of 8 bits often referred to as a byte.

RADIUS attribute: An abstract identifier for a value or set of values that describe elements of a RADIUS protocol exchange. RADIUS attributes describe the details of an endpoint's connection request and provides configuration data for a network access server (NAS) to provide service to the endpoint.

RADIUS client: A client that is responsible for passing user information to designated RADIUS servers, and then acting on the response that is returned.

RADIUS server: A server that is responsible for receiving user connection requests, authenticating the user, and then returning all configuration information necessary for the client to deliver service to the user. A RADIUS server can act as a proxy client to other RADIUS servers or other kinds of authentication servers.

Remote Access Service (RAS) server: A type of network access server (NAS) that provides modem dial-up or virtual private network (VPN) access to a network.

Remote Desktop Gateway (RDG) server: A gateway that enables authorized users to connect to remote computers on a corporate network from any computer with an Internet connection.

RNAP: Represents the collection of vendor-specific attributes (VSAs) that are defined or described in this document. This term is used, for example, in discussions about whether a network entity is capable of processing the VSAs defined in this document, as in "an RNAP-aware DHCP server".

RNAS: Represents the collection of vendor-specific attributes (VSAs) that are defined or described in this document. This term is used, for example, in discussions about whether a network entity is capable of processing the VSAs defined in this document, as in "an RNAS-aware DHCP server".

RNAS server: A RADIUS server that is capable of processing Microsoft-specific vendor-specific attributes (VSAs).

routing and remote access service (RRAS) server: A server implementation that is managed by the RRASM protocol and provides routing and remote access service functionality.

security identifier (SID): An identifier for security principals that is used to identify an account or a group. Conceptually, the SID is composed of an account authority portion (typically a domain) and a smaller integer representing an identity relative to the account authority, termed the relative identifier (RID). The SID format is specified in [MS-DTYP] section 2.4.2; a string representation of SIDs is specified in [MS-DTYP] section 2.4.2 and [MS-AZOD] section 1.1.1.2.

Unicode: A character encoding standard developed by the Unicode Consortium that represents almost all of the written languages of the world. The Unicode standard [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] provides three forms (UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32) and seven schemes (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16 BE, UTF-16 LE, UTF-32, UTF-32 LE, and UTF-32 BE).

vendor-specific attribute (VSA): A RADIUS attribute ([RFC2865] section 5.26) whose Value field contains a vendor identifier, the vendor-attribute type, a length, and a vendor-defined value.

MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.