Migrate databases using native backup and restore
Migrating using a backup and restore is considered by many SQL Server professionals to be the simplest method of migration.
Microsoft Azure Blob Storage supports two types of blobs: block and page blobs. For SQL Server 2016 and later versions, block blobs are preferred. The choice between block and page blobs depends on the type of credentials used - Shared Access Signature for block blob and storage key for page blob.
Back up to block blob offers advantages such as safer authorization, improved backup performance, and support for larger database backups compared to page blob.
If you choose to perform a full database backup to a file, you can transfer the on-premises backup files to an Azure VM either through Azure Data Explorer or the AzCopy command-line utility.
Backup and restore with Azure Blob Storage in SQL Server
Back up to URL requires an Azure storage account and uses the Azure blob storage service. Inside the storage account there are containers, and the blobs are stored there. Unlike a path on your local disk, the path to a backup file looks something like https://{AccountName}.blob.core.windows.net/{ContainerName}/MyDatabase.bak. You can add extra folder names under your container for easier identification of backups (for example, FULL, DIFF, LOG).
To back up to or restore from a URL, authentication must be established between the SQL Server instance and Azure. Remember that inside of an Azure VM, SQL Server doesn't know it's running on Azure.
When you create a SQL Server credential, you have two options for authentication: using the Azure storage account name and access key, which stores the backup as a page blob, or using a Shared Access Signature, which stores the backup as a block blob. For larger databases, you can back up to multiple block blobs.
Tip
Compressed database backups are recommended for larger databases.
Restoring from a URL is as simple as restoring from disk or a network share. In the SQL Server Management Studio, select URL from the backup media type in the Wizard. If using Transact-SQL, instead of using FROM DISK, you would use FROM URL with the appropriate location and backup file name(s).
Note
Striped backup sets are supported and are recommended for performance. Furthermore, stripe backups if they're smaller than 200 GB to avoid the block limit.
Run the following statement to back up a transaction log.
BACKUP LOG contoso
TO URL = 'https://myacc.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/contoso202003271200.trn'
Run the following statement to restore a full database backup without recovering it, so that a differential or transaction log backups can be applied.
RESTORE DATABASE contoso
FROM URL = 'https://myacc.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/contoso20200327.bak'
WITH NORECOVERY