Instrukcje: Wdrażanie asynchronicznej operacji usługi

W aplikacjach programu Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) operację usługi można zaimplementować asynchronicznie lub synchronicznie bez dyktowania klientowi, jak go wywołać. Na przykład operacje asynchroniczne usługi mogą być wywoływane synchronicznie, a synchroniczne operacje usługi mogą być wywoływane asynchronicznie. Przykład pokazujący, jak wywołać operację asynchronicznie w aplikacji klienckiej, zobacz Instrukcje: wywoływanie operacji usługi asynchronicznie. Aby uzyskać więcej informacji na temat operacji synchronicznych i asynchronicznych, zobacz Projektowanie kontraktów usług oraz synchronicznych i asynchronicznych operacji. W tym temacie opisano podstawową strukturę operacji usługi asynchronicznej, kod nie jest kompletny. Pełny przykład strony usługi i klienta można znaleźć w temacie Asynchroniczne.

Asynchroniczna implementacja operacji usługi

  1. W umowie usługi zadeklaruj parę metod asynchronicznych zgodnie z wytycznymi dotyczącymi projektowania asynchronicznego platformy .NET. Metoda Begin przyjmuje parametr, obiekt wywołania zwrotnego i obiekt stanu oraz zwraca metodę i, End która przyjmuje System.IAsyncResultSystem.IAsyncResult metodę i zwracającą wartość zwracaną. Aby uzyskać więcej informacji na temat wywołań asynchronicznych, zobacz Asynchroniczne wzorce projektowania programowania.

  2. Oznacz metodę Begin asynchronicznej pary z atrybutem System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute i ustaw OperationContractAttribute.AsyncPattern właściwość na true. Na przykład poniższy kod wykonuje kroki 1 i 2.

      [OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern=true)]
      IAsyncResult BeginServiceAsyncMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState);
    
      // Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
      string EndServiceAsyncMethod(IAsyncResult result);
    }
    
        <OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern:=True)> _
        Function BeginServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult
    
        ' Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
        Function EndServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal result As IAsyncResult) As String
    End Interface
    
  3. Zaimplementuj Begin/End parę metod w klasie usługi zgodnie z wytycznymi dotyczącymi projektowania asynchronicznego. Na przykład poniższy przykład kodu przedstawia implementację, w której ciąg jest zapisywany w konsoli w ramach operacji Begin asynchronicznej usługi i oraz End zwracana wartość End operacji jest zwracana do klienta. Pełny przykład kodu można znaleźć w sekcji Przykład.

    public IAsyncResult BeginServiceAsyncMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("BeginServiceAsyncMethod called with: \"{0}\"", msg);
      return new CompletedAsyncResult<string>(msg);
    }
    
    public string EndServiceAsyncMethod(IAsyncResult r)
    {
      CompletedAsyncResult<string> result = r as CompletedAsyncResult<string>;
      Console.WriteLine("EndServiceAsyncMethod called with: \"{0}\"", result.Data);
      return result.Data;
    }
    
    Public Function BeginServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult Implements ISampleService.BeginServiceAsyncMethod
        Console.WriteLine("BeginServiceAsyncMethod called with: ""{0}""", msg)
        Return New CompletedAsyncResult(Of String)(msg)
    End Function
    
    Public Function EndServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal r As IAsyncResult) As String Implements ISampleService.EndServiceAsyncMethod
        Dim result As CompletedAsyncResult(Of String) = TryCast(r, CompletedAsyncResult(Of String))
        Console.WriteLine("EndServiceAsyncMethod called with: ""{0}""", result.Data)
        Return result.Data
    End Function
    

Przykład

W poniższych przykładach kodu pokazano:

  1. Interfejs kontraktu usługi z:

    1. Operacja synchroniczna SampleMethod .

    2. Operacja asynchroniczna BeginSampleMethod .

    3. Para operacji asynchronicznych BeginServiceAsyncMethod/EndServiceAsyncMethod .

  2. Implementacja usługi przy użyciu System.IAsyncResult obiektu.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace Microsoft.WCF.Documentation
{
  [ServiceContractAttribute(Namespace="http://microsoft.wcf.documentation")]
  public interface ISampleService{

    [OperationContractAttribute]
    string SampleMethod(string msg);

    [OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern = true)]
    IAsyncResult BeginSampleMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState);

    //Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
    string EndSampleMethod(IAsyncResult result);

    [OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern=true)]
    IAsyncResult BeginServiceAsyncMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState);

    // Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
    string EndServiceAsyncMethod(IAsyncResult result);
  }

  public class SampleService : ISampleService
  {
    #region ISampleService Members

    public string  SampleMethod(string msg)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Called synchronous sample method with \"{0}\"", msg);
        return "The synchronous service greets you: " + msg;
    }

    // This asynchronously implemented operation is never called because
    // there is a synchronous version of the same method.
    public IAsyncResult BeginSampleMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("BeginSampleMethod called with: " + msg);
      return new CompletedAsyncResult<string>(msg);
    }

    public string EndSampleMethod(IAsyncResult r)
    {
      CompletedAsyncResult<string> result = r as CompletedAsyncResult<string>;
      Console.WriteLine("EndSampleMethod called with: " + result.Data);
      return result.Data;
    }

    public IAsyncResult BeginServiceAsyncMethod(string msg, AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState)
    {
      Console.WriteLine("BeginServiceAsyncMethod called with: \"{0}\"", msg);
      return new CompletedAsyncResult<string>(msg);
    }

    public string EndServiceAsyncMethod(IAsyncResult r)
    {
      CompletedAsyncResult<string> result = r as CompletedAsyncResult<string>;
      Console.WriteLine("EndServiceAsyncMethod called with: \"{0}\"", result.Data);
      return result.Data;
    }
    #endregion
  }

  // Simple async result implementation.
  class CompletedAsyncResult<T> : IAsyncResult
  {
    T data;

    public CompletedAsyncResult(T data)
    { this.data = data; }

    public T Data
    { get { return data; } }

    #region IAsyncResult Members
    public object AsyncState
    { get { return (object)data; } }

    public WaitHandle AsyncWaitHandle
    { get { throw new Exception("The method or operation is not implemented."); } }

    public bool CompletedSynchronously
    { get { return true; } }

    public bool IsCompleted
    { get { return true; } }
    #endregion
  }
}

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.ServiceModel
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Threading

Namespace Microsoft.WCF.Documentation
    <ServiceContractAttribute(Namespace:="http://microsoft.wcf.documentation")> _
    Public Interface ISampleService

        <OperationContractAttribute> _
        Function SampleMethod(ByVal msg As String) As String

        <OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern:=True)> _
        Function BeginSampleMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult

        'Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
        Function EndSampleMethod(ByVal result As IAsyncResult) As String

        <OperationContractAttribute(AsyncPattern:=True)> _
        Function BeginServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult

        ' Note: There is no OperationContractAttribute for the end method.
        Function EndServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal result As IAsyncResult) As String
    End Interface

    Public Class SampleService
        Implements ISampleService
#Region "ISampleService Members"

        Public Function SampleMethod(ByVal msg As String) As String Implements ISampleService.SampleMethod
            Console.WriteLine("Called synchronous sample method with ""{0}""", msg)
            Return "The synchronous service greets you: " & msg
        End Function

        ' This asynchronously implemented operation is never called because
        ' there is a synchronous version of the same method.
        Public Function BeginSampleMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult Implements ISampleService.BeginSampleMethod
            Console.WriteLine("BeginSampleMethod called with: " & msg)
            Return New CompletedAsyncResult(Of String)(msg)
        End Function

        Public Function EndSampleMethod(ByVal r As IAsyncResult) As String Implements ISampleService.EndSampleMethod
            Dim result As CompletedAsyncResult(Of String) = TryCast(r, CompletedAsyncResult(Of String))
            Console.WriteLine("EndSampleMethod called with: " & result.Data)
            Return result.Data
        End Function

        Public Function BeginServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal msg As String, ByVal callback As AsyncCallback, ByVal asyncState As Object) As IAsyncResult Implements ISampleService.BeginServiceAsyncMethod
            Console.WriteLine("BeginServiceAsyncMethod called with: ""{0}""", msg)
            Return New CompletedAsyncResult(Of String)(msg)
        End Function

        Public Function EndServiceAsyncMethod(ByVal r As IAsyncResult) As String Implements ISampleService.EndServiceAsyncMethod
            Dim result As CompletedAsyncResult(Of String) = TryCast(r, CompletedAsyncResult(Of String))
            Console.WriteLine("EndServiceAsyncMethod called with: ""{0}""", result.Data)
            Return result.Data
        End Function
#End Region
    End Class

    ' Simple async result implementation.
    Friend Class CompletedAsyncResult(Of T)
        Implements IAsyncResult
        Private data_Renamed As T

        Public Sub New(ByVal data As T)
            Me.data_Renamed = data
        End Sub

        Public ReadOnly Property Data() As T
            Get
                Return data_Renamed
            End Get
        End Property

#Region "IAsyncResult Members"
        Public ReadOnly Property AsyncState() As Object Implements IAsyncResult.AsyncState
            Get
                Return CObj(data_Renamed)
            End Get
        End Property

        Public ReadOnly Property AsyncWaitHandle() As WaitHandle Implements IAsyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle
            Get
                Throw New Exception("The method or operation is not implemented.")
            End Get
        End Property

        Public ReadOnly Property CompletedSynchronously() As Boolean Implements IAsyncResult.CompletedSynchronously
            Get
                Return True
            End Get
        End Property

        Public ReadOnly Property IsCompleted() As Boolean Implements IAsyncResult.IsCompleted
            Get
                Return True
            End Get
        End Property
#End Region
    End Class
End Namespace

Zobacz też