Enumerable.FirstOrDefault 方法
定义
返回序列中的第一个元素;如果未找到该元素,则返回默认值。Returns the first element of a sequence, or a default value if no element is found.
重载
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>) |
返回序列中满足条件的第一个元素;如果未找到这样的元素,则返回默认值。Returns the first element of the sequence that satisfies a condition or a default value if no such element is found. |
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) |
返回序列中的第一个元素;如果序列中不包含任何元素,则返回默认值。Returns the first element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence contains no elements. |
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>)
返回序列中满足条件的第一个元素;如果未找到这样的元素,则返回默认值。Returns the first element of the sequence that satisfies a condition or a default value if no such element is found.
public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
static TSource FirstOrDefault(System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<TSource> ^ source, Func<TSource, bool> ^ predicate);
public static TSource FirstOrDefault<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource,bool> predicate);
public static TSource? FirstOrDefault<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource,bool> predicate);
static member FirstOrDefault : seq<'Source> * Func<'Source, bool> -> 'Source
<Extension()>
Public Function FirstOrDefault(Of TSource) (source As IEnumerable(Of TSource), predicate As Func(Of TSource, Boolean)) As TSource
类型参数
- TSource
source
的元素类型。The type of the elements of source
.
参数
- source
- IEnumerable<TSource>
要从中返回元素的 IEnumerable<T>。An IEnumerable<T> to return an element from.
返回
- TSource
如果 source
为空或没有元素通过 predicate
指定的测试,则为 default
(TSource
),否则为 source
中通过 predicate
指定的测试的第一个元素。default
(TSource
) if source
is empty or if no element passes the test specified by predicate
; otherwise, the first element in source
that passes the test specified by predicate
.
例外
source
或 predicate
为 null
。source
or predicate
is null
.
示例
下面的代码示例演示如何 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>) 通过传入谓词来使用。The following code example demonstrates how to use FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, Func<TSource,Boolean>) by passing in a predicate. 在对方法的第二次调用中,数组中没有满足条件的元素。In the second call to the method, there is no element in the array that satisfies the condition.
string[] names = { "Hartono, Tommy", "Adams, Terry",
"Andersen, Henriette Thaulow",
"Hedlund, Magnus", "Ito, Shu" };
string firstLongName = names.FirstOrDefault(name => name.Length > 20);
Console.WriteLine("The first long name is '{0}'.", firstLongName);
string firstVeryLongName = names.FirstOrDefault(name => name.Length > 30);
Console.WriteLine(
"There is {0} name longer than 30 characters.",
string.IsNullOrEmpty(firstVeryLongName) ? "not a" : "a");
/*
This code produces the following output:
The first long name is 'Andersen, Henriette Thaulow'.
There is not a name longer than 30 characters.
*/
' Create an array of strings.
Dim names() As String =
{"Hartono, Tommy", "Adams, Terry", "Andersen, Henriette Thaulow", "Hedlund, Magnus", "Ito, Shu"}
' Select the first string in the array whose length is greater than 20.
Dim firstLongName As String =
names.FirstOrDefault(Function(name) name.Length > 20)
' Display the output.
Console.WriteLine($"The first long name is {firstLongName}")
' Select the first string in the array whose length is greater than 30,
' or a default value if there are no such strings in the array.
Dim firstVeryLongName As String =
names.FirstOrDefault(Function(name) name.Length > 30)
Dim text As String = IIf(String.IsNullOrEmpty(firstVeryLongName), "not a", "a")
Console.WriteLine($"There is {text} name longer than 30 characters.")
' This code produces the following output:
'
' The first long name is Andersen, Henriette Thaulow
'
' There is not a name longer than 30 characters.
注解
引用类型和可以为 null 的类型的默认值为 null
。The default value for reference and nullable types is null
.
适用于
FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>)
返回序列中的第一个元素;如果序列中不包含任何元素,则返回默认值。Returns the first element of a sequence, or a default value if the sequence contains no elements.
public:
generic <typename TSource>
[System::Runtime::CompilerServices::Extension]
static TSource FirstOrDefault(System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<TSource> ^ source);
public static TSource FirstOrDefault<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source);
public static TSource FirstOrDefault<TSource> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource>? source);
static member FirstOrDefault : seq<'Source> -> 'Source
<Extension()>
Public Function FirstOrDefault(Of TSource) (source As IEnumerable(Of TSource)) As TSource
类型参数
- TSource
source
的元素类型。The type of the elements of source
.
参数
- source
- IEnumerable<TSource>
要返回其第一个元素的 IEnumerable<T>。The IEnumerable<T> to return the first element of.
返回
- TSource
如果 source
为空,则为 default
(TSource
);否则为 source
中的第一个元素。default
(TSource
) if source
is empty; otherwise, the first element in source
.
例外
source
为 null
。source
is null
.
示例
下面的代码示例演示如何 FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) 对空数组使用。The following code example demonstrates how to use FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) on an empty array.
int[] numbers = { };
int first = numbers.FirstOrDefault();
Console.WriteLine(first);
/*
This code produces the following output:
0
*/
' Create an empty array.
Dim numbers() As Integer = {}
' Select the first element in the array, or a default value
' if there are not elements in the array.
Dim first As Integer = numbers.FirstOrDefault()
' Display the output.
Console.WriteLine(first)
' This code produces the following output:
'
' 0
有时, default(TSource)
如果集合不包含任何元素,则的值将不是要使用的默认值。Sometimes the value of default(TSource)
is not the default value that you want to use if the collection contains no elements. 您可以使用 DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource) 方法来指定要在集合为空时使用的默认值,而不是检查不需要的默认值的结果,并在必要时对其进行更改。Instead of checking the result for the unwanted default value and then changing it if necessary, you can use the DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource) method to specify the default value that you want to use if the collection is empty. 然后,调用 First<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) 以获取第一个元素。Then, call First<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) to obtain the first element. 下面的代码示例使用这两种方法来获取默认值1(如果数值月份的集合为空)。The following code example uses both techniques to obtain a default value of 1 if a collection of numeric months is empty. 由于整数的默认值为0(与任何月份均不对应),因此必须将默认值指定为1。Because the default value for an integer is 0, which does not correspond to any month, the default value must be specified as 1 instead. 查询执行完毕后,将检查第一个结果变量是否存在不需要的默认值。The first result variable is checked for the unwanted default value after the query has finished executing. 第二个结果变量通过使用 DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource) 来指定默认值1。The second result variable is obtained by using DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource) to specify a default value of 1.
List<int> months = new List<int> { };
// Setting the default value to 1 after the query.
int firstMonth1 = months.FirstOrDefault();
if (firstMonth1 == 0)
{
firstMonth1 = 1;
}
Console.WriteLine("The value of the firstMonth1 variable is {0}", firstMonth1);
// Setting the default value to 1 by using DefaultIfEmpty() in the query.
int firstMonth2 = months.DefaultIfEmpty(1).First();
Console.WriteLine("The value of the firstMonth2 variable is {0}", firstMonth2);
/*
This code produces the following output:
The value of the firstMonth1 variable is 1
The value of the firstMonth2 variable is 1
*/
Dim months As New List(Of Integer)(New Integer() {})
' Setting the default value to 1 after the query.
Dim firstMonth1 As Integer = months.FirstOrDefault()
If firstMonth1 = 0 Then
firstMonth1 = 1
End If
Console.WriteLine($"The value of the firstMonth1 variable is {firstMonth1}")
' Setting the default value to 1 by using DefaultIfEmpty() in the query.
Dim firstMonth2 As Integer = months.DefaultIfEmpty(1).First()
Console.WriteLine($"The value of the firstMonth2 variable is {firstMonth2}")
' This code produces the following output:
'
' The value of the firstMonth1 variable is 1
' The value of the firstMonth2 variable is 1
注解
引用类型和可以为 null 的类型的默认值为 null
。The default value for reference and nullable types is null
.
FirstOrDefault方法不提供指定默认值的方法。The FirstOrDefault method does not provide a way to specify a default value. 如果要指定之外的默认值 default(TSource)
,请使用 "示例" DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource) 部分中所述的方法。If you want to specify a default value other than default(TSource)
, use the DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>, TSource) method as described in the Example section.