如何：创建路径渐变

项目
05/04/2023

通过 PathGradientBrush 类可自定义使用渐变颜色填充形状的方式。例如，可为路径的中心指定一种颜色，为路径边界指定另一种颜色。还可为路径边界上的多个点中的每一个指定单独的颜色。

注意

在 GDI+ 中，路径是由 GraphicsPath 对象维护的一系列直线和曲线。有关 GDI+ 路径的详细信息，请参阅 GDI+ 中的图形路径和构造和绘制路径。

本文中的示例是从控件的 Paint 事件处理程序调用的方法。

用路径渐变填充椭圆

以下示例用路径渐变画笔填充椭圆。中心颜色设置为蓝色，边界颜色设置为水蓝色。下图显示了填充的椭圆形。

Gradient Path fills an ellipse.

默认情况下，路径渐变画笔不会延伸到路径边界之外。如果使用路径渐变画笔填充超出路径边界的图形，则不会填充路径之外的屏幕区域。

下图显示了如果将以下代码中的 Graphics.FillEllipse 调用更改为 e.Graphics.FillRectangle(pthGrBrush, 0, 10, 200, 40) 会发生什么：

Gradient Path extended beyond boundary of the path.

public void FillEllipseWithPathGradient(PaintEventArgs e)
{
    // Create a path that consists of a single ellipse.
    GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath();
    path.AddEllipse(0, 0, 140, 70);

    // Use the path to construct a brush.
    PathGradientBrush pthGrBrush = new PathGradientBrush(path);

    // Set the color at the center of the path to blue.
    pthGrBrush.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255);

    // Set the color along the entire boundary
    // of the path to aqua.
    Color[] colors = { Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 255) };
    pthGrBrush.SurroundColors = colors;

    e.Graphics.FillEllipse(pthGrBrush, 0, 0, 140, 70);
}

' Create a path that consists of a single ellipse.
Dim path As New GraphicsPath()
path.AddEllipse(0, 0, 140, 70)

' Use the path to construct a brush.
Dim pthGrBrush As New PathGradientBrush(path)

' Set the color at the center of the path to blue.
pthGrBrush.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255)

' Set the color along the entire boundary 
' of the path to aqua.
Dim colors As Color() = {Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 255)}
pthGrBrush.SurroundColors = colors

e.Graphics.FillEllipse(pthGrBrush, 0, 0, 140, 70)

前面的代码示例是为与 Windows 窗体一起使用而设计的，它需要 PaintEventArgs e，这是 PaintEventHandler 的一个参数。

指定边界上的点

以下示例从星形路径构造路径渐变画笔。代码设置 CenterColor 属性，它将星形中心的颜色设置为红色。然后，代码设置 SurroundColors 属性以指定 points 数组中各个点的各种颜色（存储在 colors 数组中）。最后的代码语句使用路径渐变画笔填充星形路径。

public void ConstructBrushFromStarShapedPath(PaintEventArgs e)
{
    // Put the points of a polygon in an array.
    Point[] points = {
       new Point(75, 0),
       new Point(100, 50),
       new Point(150, 50),
       new Point(112, 75),
       new Point(150, 150),
       new Point(75, 100),
       new Point(0, 150),
       new Point(37, 75),
       new Point(0, 50),
       new Point(50, 50)};

    // Use the array of points to construct a path.
    GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath();
    path.AddLines(points);

    // Use the path to construct a path gradient brush.
    PathGradientBrush pthGrBrush = new PathGradientBrush(path);

    // Set the color at the center of the path to red.
    pthGrBrush.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 0, 0);

    // Set the colors of the points in the array.
    Color[] colors = {
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 0),
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0),
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255),
       Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 255, 255),
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 0),
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0),
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255),
       Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 255, 255),
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 0),
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0)};

    pthGrBrush.SurroundColors = colors;

    // Fill the path with the path gradient brush.
    e.Graphics.FillPath(pthGrBrush, path);
}

' Put the points of a polygon in an array.
Dim points As Point() = { _
   New Point(75, 0), _
   New Point(100, 50), _
   New Point(150, 50), _
   New Point(112, 75), _
   New Point(150, 150), _
   New Point(75, 100), _
   New Point(0, 150), _
   New Point(37, 75), _
   New Point(0, 50), _
   New Point(50, 50)}

' Use the array of points to construct a path.
Dim path As New GraphicsPath()
path.AddLines(points)

' Use the path to construct a path gradient brush.
Dim pthGrBrush As New PathGradientBrush(path)

' Set the color at the center of the path to red.
pthGrBrush.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 0, 0)

' Set the colors of the points in the array.
Dim colors As Color() = { _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 0), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 255, 255), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 0), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 255, 255), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 0), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0)}

pthGrBrush.SurroundColors = colors

' Fill the path with the path gradient brush.
e.Graphics.FillPath(pthGrBrush, path)

以下示例在代码中绘制了一个没有 GraphicsPath 对象的路径渐变。示例中的特定 PathGradientBrush 构造函数接收点数组，但不需要 GraphicsPath 对象。另请注意，PathGradientBrush 用于填充矩形，而不是路径。矩形大于用于定义画笔的封闭的路径，因此矩形的某些部分没有被画笔绘制。下图显示了矩形（虚线）和路径渐变画笔绘制的矩形部分：

Gradient portion painted by the path gradient brush.

public void DrawPathGradentWthoutGraphicsPath(PaintEventArgs e)
{
    // Construct a path gradient brush based on an array of points.
    PointF[] ptsF = {
       new PointF(0, 0),
       new PointF(160, 0),
       new PointF(160, 200),
       new PointF(80, 150),
       new PointF(0, 200)};

    PathGradientBrush pBrush = new PathGradientBrush(ptsF);

    // An array of five points was used to construct the path gradient
    // brush. Set the color of each point in that array.
    Color[] colors = {
       Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 0, 0),  // (0, 0) red
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0),  // (160, 0) green
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0),  // (160, 200) green
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255),  // (80, 150) blue
       Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 0, 0)}; // (0, 200) red

    pBrush.SurroundColors = colors;

    // Set the center color to white.
    pBrush.CenterColor = Color.White;

    // Use the path gradient brush to fill a rectangle.
    e.Graphics.FillRectangle(pBrush, new Rectangle(0, 0, 160, 200));
}

' Construct a path gradient brush based on an array of points.
Dim ptsF As PointF() = { _
   New PointF(0, 0), _
   New PointF(160, 0), _
   New PointF(160, 200), _
   New PointF(80, 150), _
   New PointF(0, 200)}

Dim pBrush As New PathGradientBrush(ptsF)

' An array of five points was used to construct the path gradient
' brush. Set the color of each point in that array.  
'Point (0, 0) is red
'Point (160, 0) is green
'Point (160, 200) is green
'Point (80, 150) is blue
'Point (0, 200) is red
Dim colors As Color() = { _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 0, 0), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 0, 0)}
pBrush.SurroundColors = colors

' Set the center color to white.
pBrush.CenterColor = Color.White

' Use the path gradient brush to fill a rectangle.
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(pBrush, New Rectangle(0, 0, 160, 200))

自定义路径渐变

自定义路径渐变画笔的一种方法是设置其 FocusScales 属性。焦点比例指定位于主路径内的内部路径。中心颜色显示在该内部路径内的任何地方，而不是仅在中心点显示。

以下示例基于椭圆路径创建路径渐变画笔。代码将边界颜色设置为蓝色，将中心颜色设置为水蓝色，然后使用路径渐变画笔填充椭圆路径。

接下来，代码设置路径渐变画笔的焦点比例。 x 焦点比例设置为 0.3，y 焦点比例设置为 0.8。代码调用 Graphics 对象的 TranslateTransform 方法，使后续对 FillPath 的调用填充位于第一个椭圆右侧的椭圆。

若要查看焦点比例的效果，请想象一个小椭圆，它与主椭圆共享其中心。小（内）椭圆是主椭圆（围绕其中心）水平缩放 0.3 倍，垂直缩放 0.8 倍。当你从外椭圆的边界移动到内椭圆的边界时，颜色会逐渐从蓝色变为水蓝色。当你从内椭圆的边界移动到共享中心时，颜色仍为水蓝色。

下图显示以下代码的输出。左侧的椭圆仅在中心点为水蓝色。右侧的椭圆在内部路径内的任何地方均为水蓝色。

Gradient effect of focus scales

public void CustomizePathGradientBrush(PaintEventArgs e)
{
    // Create a path that consists of a single ellipse.
    GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath();
    path.AddEllipse(0, 0, 200, 100);

    // Create a path gradient brush based on the elliptical path.
    PathGradientBrush pthGrBrush = new PathGradientBrush(path);

    // Set the color along the entire boundary to blue.
    Color[] color = { Color.Blue };
    pthGrBrush.SurroundColors = color;

    // Set the center color to aqua.
    pthGrBrush.CenterColor = Color.Aqua;

    // Use the path gradient brush to fill the ellipse.
    e.Graphics.FillPath(pthGrBrush, path);

    // Set the focus scales for the path gradient brush.
    pthGrBrush.FocusScales = new PointF(0.3f, 0.8f);

    // Use the path gradient brush to fill the ellipse again.
    // Show this filled ellipse to the right of the first filled ellipse.
    e.Graphics.TranslateTransform(220.0f, 0.0f);
    e.Graphics.FillPath(pthGrBrush, path);
}

' Create a path that consists of a single ellipse.
Dim path As New GraphicsPath()
path.AddEllipse(0, 0, 200, 100)

' Create a path gradient brush based on the elliptical path.
Dim pthGrBrush As New PathGradientBrush(path)

' Set the color along the entire boundary to blue.
' Changed variable name from color
Dim blueColor As Color() = {Color.Blue}
pthGrBrush.SurroundColors = blueColor

' Set the center color to aqua.
pthGrBrush.CenterColor = Color.Aqua

' Use the path gradient brush to fill the ellipse. 
e.Graphics.FillPath(pthGrBrush, path)

' Set the focus scales for the path gradient brush.
pthGrBrush.FocusScales = New PointF(0.3F, 0.8F)

' Use the path gradient brush to fill the ellipse again.
' Show this filled ellipse to the right of the first filled ellipse.
e.Graphics.TranslateTransform(220.0F, 0.0F)
e.Graphics.FillPath(pthGrBrush, path)

使用内插进行自定义

自定义路径渐变画笔的另一种方法是指定内插色数组和内插位置数组。

以下示例基于三角形创建路径渐变画笔。代码设置路径渐变画笔的 InterpolationColors 属性以指定内插色数组（深绿色、水蓝色、蓝色）和内插位置数组（0、0.25、1）。当你从三角形的边界移动到中心点时，颜色逐渐从深绿色更改为水蓝色，然后从水蓝色到蓝色。从深绿色到水蓝色的变化发生在从深绿色到蓝色的 25% 的距离处。

下图显示了用自定义路径渐变画笔填充的三角形。

Triangle filled with custom path gradient brush.

public void CustomizeWithInterpolation(PaintEventArgs e)
{
    // Vertices of the outer triangle
    Point[] points = {
       new Point(100, 0),
       new Point(200, 200),
       new Point(0, 200)};

    // No GraphicsPath object is created. The PathGradientBrush
    // object is constructed directly from the array of points.
    PathGradientBrush pthGrBrush = new PathGradientBrush(points);

    Color[] colors = {
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 128, 0),    // dark green
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 255),  // aqua
       Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255)};   // blue

    float[] relativePositions = {
       0f,       // Dark green is at the boundary of the triangle.
       0.4f,     // Aqua is 40 percent of the way from the boundary
                 // to the center point.
       1.0f};    // Blue is at the center point.

    ColorBlend colorBlend = new ColorBlend();
    colorBlend.Colors = colors;
    colorBlend.Positions = relativePositions;
    pthGrBrush.InterpolationColors = colorBlend;

    // Fill a rectangle that is larger than the triangle
    // specified in the Point array. The portion of the
    // rectangle outside the triangle will not be painted.
    e.Graphics.FillRectangle(pthGrBrush, 0, 0, 200, 200);
}

' Vertices of the outer triangle
Dim points As Point() = { _
   New Point(100, 0), _
   New Point(200, 200), _
   New Point(0, 200)}

' No GraphicsPath object is created. The PathGradientBrush
' object is constructed directly from the array of points.
Dim pthGrBrush As New PathGradientBrush(points)

' Create an array of colors containing dark green, aqua, and  blue.
Dim colors As Color() = { _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 128, 0), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 255), _
   Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255)}

' Dark green is at the boundary of the triangle.
' Aqua is 40 percent of the way from the boundary to the center point.
' Blue is at the center point.
Dim relativePositions As Single() = { _
   0.0F, _
   0.4F, _
   1.0F}

Dim colorBlend As New ColorBlend()
colorBlend.Colors = colors
colorBlend.Positions = relativePositions
pthGrBrush.InterpolationColors = colorBlend

' Fill a rectangle that is larger than the triangle
' specified in the Point array. The portion of the
' rectangle outside the triangle will not be painted.
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(pthGrBrush, 0, 0, 200, 200)

设置中心点

默认情况下，路径渐变画笔的中心点位于用于构造画笔的路径的质心。可通过设置 PathGradientBrush 类的 CenterPoint 属性来更改中心点的位置。

以下示例基于椭圆创建路径渐变画笔。椭圆的中心在 (70, 35)，但路径渐变画笔的中心点设置为 (120, 40)。

public void SetCenterPoint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
    // Create a path that consists of a single ellipse.
    GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath();
    path.AddEllipse(0, 0, 140, 70);

    // Use the path to construct a brush.
    PathGradientBrush pthGrBrush = new PathGradientBrush(path);

    // Set the center point to a location that is not
    // the centroid of the path.
    pthGrBrush.CenterPoint = new PointF(120, 40);

    // Set the color at the center of the path to blue.
    pthGrBrush.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255);

    // Set the color along the entire boundary
    // of the path to aqua.
    Color[] colors = { Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 255) };
    pthGrBrush.SurroundColors = colors;

    e.Graphics.FillEllipse(pthGrBrush, 0, 0, 140, 70);
}

' Create a path that consists of a single ellipse.
Dim path As New GraphicsPath()
path.AddEllipse(0, 0, 140, 70)

' Use the path to construct a brush.
Dim pthGrBrush As New PathGradientBrush(path)

' Set the center point to a location that is not
' the centroid of the path.
pthGrBrush.CenterPoint = New PointF(120, 40)

' Set the color at the center of the path to blue.
pthGrBrush.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255)

' Set the color along the entire boundary 
' of the path to aqua.
Dim colors As Color() = {Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 255)}
pthGrBrush.SurroundColors = colors

e.Graphics.FillEllipse(pthGrBrush, 0, 0, 140, 70)

下图显示了填充的椭圆和路径渐变画笔的中心点：

Gradient Path with filled ellipse and center point.

可将路径渐变画笔的中心点设置为用于构造画笔的路径外部的位置。以下示例替换了前面代码中设置 CenterPoint 属性的调用。

public void SetCenterPointOutsidePath(PaintEventArgs e)
{
    // Create a path that consists of a single ellipse.
    GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath();
    path.AddEllipse(0, 0, 140, 70);

    // Use the path to construct a brush.
    PathGradientBrush pthGrBrush = new PathGradientBrush(path);

    // Set the center point to a location that is not
    // the centroid of the path.
    pthGrBrush.CenterPoint = new PointF(145, 35);

    // Set the color at the center of the path to blue.
    pthGrBrush.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255);

    // Set the color along the entire boundary
    // of the path to aqua.
    Color[] colors = { Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 255) };
    pthGrBrush.SurroundColors = colors;

    e.Graphics.FillEllipse(pthGrBrush, 0, 0, 140, 70);
}

pthGrBrush.CenterPoint = New PointF(145, 35)

下图显示了更改后的输出：

Gradient Path with center point outside the path.

在上图中，椭圆最右侧的点不是纯蓝色的（尽管它们非常接近）。渐变中颜色的位置就好像填充到达了点 (145, 35)，在该点处颜色将是纯蓝色 (0, 0, 255)。但填充永远不会到达 (145, 35)，因为路径渐变画笔仅在其路径内绘制。

编译代码

前面的代码示例专用于 Windows 窗体，它们需要 PaintEventArgse，这是 Paint 事件处理程序的参数。

另请参阅

使用渐变画笔填充形状