Timer 类

  • 项目

提供以指定的时间间隔执行方法的机制。无法继承此类。

**命名空间:**System.Threading
**程序集:**mscorlib（在 mscorlib.dll 中）

语法

声明
<ComVisibleAttribute(True)> _
Public NotInheritable Class Timer
    Inherits MarshalByRefObject
    Implements IDisposable
用法
Dim instance As Timer

[ComVisibleAttribute(true)] 
public sealed class Timer : MarshalByRefObject, IDisposable

[ComVisibleAttribute(true)] 
public ref class Timer sealed : public MarshalByRefObject, IDisposable

/** @attribute ComVisibleAttribute(true) */ 
public final class Timer extends MarshalByRefObject implements IDisposable

ComVisibleAttribute(true) 
public final class Timer extends MarshalByRefObject implements IDisposable

备注

提示

应用于此类的 HostProtectionAttribute 属性 (Attribute) 具有以下 Resources 属性 (Property) 值：Synchronization | ExternalThreading。HostProtectionAttribute 并不会影响桌面应用程序（桌面应用程序通常通过双击图标、键入命令或在浏览器中输入 URL 来启动）。有关更多信息，请参见 HostProtectionAttribute 类或 SQL Server 编程和宿主保护属性。

使用 TimerCallback 委托指定希望 Timer 执行的方法。计时器委托在构造计时器时指定，并且不能更改。此方法不在创建计时器的线程上执行，而是在系统提供的 ThreadPool 线程上执行。

创建计时器时，可以指定在第一次执行方法之前等待的时间量（截止时间）以及此后的执行期间等待的时间量（时间周期）。可以使用 Change 方法更改这些值或禁用计时器。

提示

只要在使用 Timer，就必须保留对它的引用。对于任何托管对象，如果没有对 Timer 的引用，计时器会被垃圾回收。即使 Timer 仍处在活动状态，也会被回收。

当不再需要计时器时，请使用 Dispose 方法释放计时器持有的资源。如果希望在计时器被释放时接收到信号，请使用接受 WaitHandle 的 Dispose(WaitHandle) 方法重载。计时器已被释放后，WaitHandle 便终止。

由计时器执行的回调方法应该是可重入的，因为它是在 ThreadPool 线程上调用的。在以下两种情况中，此回调可以同时在两个线程池线程上执行：一是计时器间隔小于执行此回调所需的时间；二是所有线程池线程都在使用，此回调被多次排队。

提示

System.Threading.Timer 是一个使用回调方法的计时器，而且由线程池线程服务，简单且对资源要求不高。也可以考虑与 Windows 窗体一起使用的 System.Windows.Forms.Timer 和基于服务器计时器功能的 System.Timers.Timer。这些计时器使用事件并具有附加功能。

示例

下面的代码示例阐释了 Timer 类的功能。

Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic
Imports System
Imports System.Threading

Public Class TimerExample

    <MTAThread> _
    Shared Sub Main()
    
        Dim autoEvent As New AutoResetEvent(False)
        Dim statusChecker As New StatusChecker(10)

        ' Create the delegate that invokes methods for the timer.
        Dim timerDelegate As TimerCallback = _
            AddressOf statusChecker.CheckStatus

        ' Create a timer that signals the delegate to invoke 
        ' CheckStatus after one second, and every 1/4 second 
        ' thereafter.
        Console.WriteLine("{0} Creating timer." & vbCrLf, _
            DateTime.Now.ToString("h:mm:ss.fff"))
        Dim stateTimer As Timer = _
                New Timer(timerDelegate, autoEvent, 1000, 250)

        ' When autoEvent signals, change the period to every 
        ' 1/2 second.
        autoEvent.WaitOne(5000, False)
        stateTimer.Change(0, 500)
        Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Changing period." & vbCrLf)

        ' When autoEvent signals the second time, dispose of 
        ' the timer.
        autoEvent.WaitOne(5000, False)
        stateTimer.Dispose()
        Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Destroying timer.")
    
    End Sub
End Class

Public Class StatusChecker

    Dim invokeCount, maxCount As Integer 

    Sub New(count As Integer)
        invokeCount  = 0
        maxCount = count
    End Sub

    ' This method is called by the timer delegate.
    Sub CheckStatus(stateInfo As Object)
        Dim autoEvent As AutoResetEvent = _
            DirectCast(stateInfo, AutoResetEvent)
        invokeCount += 1
        Console.WriteLine("{0} Checking status {1,2}.", _
            DateTime.Now.ToString("h:mm:ss.fff"), _
            invokeCount.ToString())

        If invokeCount = maxCount Then
        
            ' Reset the counter and signal to stop the timer.
            invokeCount  = 0
            autoEvent.Set()
        End If
    End Sub

End Class

using System;
using System.Threading;

class TimerExample
{
    static void Main()
    {
        AutoResetEvent autoEvent     = new AutoResetEvent(false);
        StatusChecker  statusChecker = new StatusChecker(10);

        // Create the delegate that invokes methods for the timer.
        TimerCallback timerDelegate = 
            new TimerCallback(statusChecker.CheckStatus);

        // Create a timer that signals the delegate to invoke 
        // CheckStatus after one second, and every 1/4 second 
        // thereafter.
        Console.WriteLine("{0} Creating timer.\n", 
            DateTime.Now.ToString("h:mm:ss.fff"));
        Timer stateTimer = 
                new Timer(timerDelegate, autoEvent, 1000, 250);

        // When autoEvent signals, change the period to every 
        // 1/2 second.
        autoEvent.WaitOne(5000, false);
        stateTimer.Change(0, 500);
        Console.WriteLine("\nChanging period.\n");

        // When autoEvent signals the second time, dispose of 
        // the timer.
        autoEvent.WaitOne(5000, false);
        stateTimer.Dispose();
        Console.WriteLine("\nDestroying timer.");
    }
}

class StatusChecker
{
    int invokeCount, maxCount;

    public StatusChecker(int count)
    {
        invokeCount  = 0;
        maxCount = count;
    }

    // This method is called by the timer delegate.
    public void CheckStatus(Object stateInfo)
    {
        AutoResetEvent autoEvent = (AutoResetEvent)stateInfo;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} Checking status {1,2}.", 
            DateTime.Now.ToString("h:mm:ss.fff"), 
            (++invokeCount).ToString());

        if(invokeCount == maxCount)
        {
            // Reset the counter and signal Main.
            invokeCount  = 0;
            autoEvent.Set();
        }
    }
}

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Threading;
ref class StatusChecker
{
private:
   int invokeCount;
   int maxCount;

public:
   StatusChecker( int count )
      : invokeCount( 0 ), maxCount( count )
   {}


   // This method is called by the timer delegate.
   void CheckStatus( Object^ stateInfo )
   {
      AutoResetEvent^ autoEvent = dynamic_cast<AutoResetEvent^>(stateInfo);
      Console::WriteLine( "{0} Checking status {1,2}.", DateTime::Now.ToString(  "h:mm:ss.fff" ), (++invokeCount).ToString() );
      if ( invokeCount == maxCount )
      {
         
         // Reset the counter and signal main.
         invokeCount = 0;
         autoEvent->Set();
      }
   }

};

int main()
{
   AutoResetEvent^ autoEvent = gcnew AutoResetEvent( false );
   StatusChecker^ statusChecker = gcnew StatusChecker( 10 );
   
   // Create the delegate that invokes methods for the timer.
   TimerCallback^ timerDelegate = gcnew TimerCallback( statusChecker, &StatusChecker::CheckStatus );
   
   // Create a timer that signals the delegate to invoke CheckStatus 
   // after one second, and every 1/4 second thereafter.
   Console::WriteLine( "{0} Creating timer.\n", DateTime::Now.ToString(  "h:mm:ss.fff" ) );
   Timer^ stateTimer = gcnew Timer( timerDelegate,autoEvent,1000,250 );
   
   // When autoEvent signals, change the period to every 1/2 second.
   autoEvent->WaitOne( 5000, false );
   stateTimer->Change( 0, 500 );
   Console::WriteLine( "\nChanging period.\n" );
   
   // When autoEvent signals the second time, dispose of the timer.
   autoEvent->WaitOne( 5000, false );
   stateTimer->~Timer();
   Console::WriteLine( "\nDestroying timer." );
}

import System.*;
import System.Threading.*;
import System.Threading.Thread;

class TimerExample
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
        StatusChecker statusChecker = new StatusChecker(10);

        // Create the delegate that invokes methods for the timer.
        TimerCallback timerDelegate = new TimerCallback(
            statusChecker.CheckStatus);

        // Create a timer that signals the delegate to invoke 
        // CheckStatus after one second, and every 1/4 second 
        // thereafter.
        Console.WriteLine("{0} Creating timer.\n",
            System.DateTime.get_Now().ToString("h:mm:ss.fff"));
        Timer stateTimer = new Timer(timerDelegate, autoEvent, 1000, 250);

        // When autoEvent signals, change the period to every 
        // 1/2 second.
        autoEvent.WaitOne(5000, false);
        stateTimer.Change(0, 500);
        Console.WriteLine("\nChanging period.\n");

        // When autoEvent signals the second time, dispose of 
        // the timer.
        autoEvent.WaitOne(5000, false);
        stateTimer.Dispose();
        Console.WriteLine("\nDestroying timer.");
    } //main
} //TimerExample

class StatusChecker
{
    private int invokeCount, maxCount;

    public StatusChecker(int count)
    {
        invokeCount = 0;
        maxCount = count;
    } //StatusChecker

    // This method is called by the timer delegate.
    public void CheckStatus(Object stateInfo)
    {
        AutoResetEvent autoEvent = ((AutoResetEvent)(stateInfo));

        Console.WriteLine("{0} Checking status {1,2}.", 
            System.DateTime.get_Now().ToString("h:mm:ss.fff"),
            String.valueOf(++invokeCount));
        if (invokeCount == maxCount) {
            // Reset the counter and signal Main.
            invokeCount = 0;
            autoEvent.Set();
        }
    } //CheckStatus
} //StatusChecker

继承层次结构

System.Object
   System.MarshalByRefObject
    System.Threading.Timer

线程安全

该类型对于多线程操作是安全的。

平台

Windows 98、Windows 2000 SP4、Windows CE、Windows Millennium Edition、Windows Mobile for Pocket PC、Windows Mobile for Smartphone、Windows Server 2003、Windows XP Media Center Edition、Windows XP Professional x64 Edition、Windows XP SP2、Windows XP Starter Edition

.NET Framework 并不是对每个平台的所有版本都提供支持。有关受支持版本的列表，请参见系统要求。

版本信息

.NET Framework

受以下版本支持：2.0、1.1、1.0

.NET Compact Framework

受以下版本支持：2.0、1.0

请参见

参考

Timer 成员
System.Threading 命名空间
TimerCallback

其他资源

计时器
托管线程池